链表对象的substring()方法 [英] substring() method for linked list object

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本文介绍了链表对象的substring()方法的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

我在为正在构建的名为 LString 的类编写 substring()方法时遇到了一些麻烦.此类创建一个名为 LString 的链接列表对象，该对象将构建字符串.它模仿Java中的 String 和 StringBuilder 对象.

I'm having some trouble writing a substring() method for a class I'm building called LString. This class creates a linked list object called LString that builds strings. It mimics the String and StringBuilder objects in Java.

substring(int start，int end)根据给定的 this LString从提供的索引中创建一个新的 LString >开始至结束.它返回类型 LString .

substring(int start, int end) creates a new LString out of the given this LString, from the index provided by start to end. It returns type LString.

以下是错误消息，未进行任何编辑以使 end 包括在内:

Here is the error message without any edits to make end inclusive:

Running substring tests (63 tests)
Starting tests: ......E........................................................
Time: 0.031

There was 1 failure:
1) test43cSubStringOneChar(LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial)
java.lang.AssertionError: Substring of One Character LString is not equals LString expected: LString<a> but was: LString<a>
        at org.junit.Assert.fail(Assert.java:88)
        at org.junit.Assert.failNotEquals(Assert.java:743)
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:118)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial.test43cSubStringOneChar(LStringTest.java:401)
        ... 10 more

Test Failed! (1 of 63 tests failed.)

Test failures: abandoning other phases.

这会产生一条更简单的错误消息，只有1个失败.

This produces a simpler error message, with only 1 failure.

以下是与该错误消息相对应的代码:

Here is the code corresponding to that error message:

import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class LString    {

     node   front;
     int size;

     //Creating a node class
     private    class   node {
          char data;
          node next;

          public    node (){
          }

          public    node    (char   newData){
                this.data = newData;
          }

          public    node    (char   newData,    node newNext){
                this.data = newData;
                this.next = newNext;
          }


     }
     //Constructors
     public LString(){
          this.size =   0;
          this.front =  null;
     }
     public LString(String original)    {
          this.size = original.length();
          if (original.length() > 0){

              this.front =  new node(original.charAt(0));
              node curr = this.front;

              for   (int i =1; i <  original.length(); i++) {
                    curr.next = new node(original.charAt(i));
                    curr = curr.next;
              }
          }



     }

    //  Length method,  returns the length of LString
     public int length()    {
        return this.size;
    }

    //  compareTo method,   compares    this LString to anotherLString, returns 0   if  equal,
    //  -1  if  lexicogrpahically   less,   and 1   if  lexicographically   greater
    public int compareTo(LString anotherLString)    {
        int len1    = length();
        int len2    = anotherLString.length();
        int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);

        node cn1    = front;
        node cn2    = anotherLString.front;

        int k   = 0;
        while   (k  < lim) {
            char c1 = cn1.data;
            char c2 = cn2.data;
            if  (c1 != c2) {
                return c1-c2;
            }
            k++;
            cn1 =   cn1.next;
            cn2 =   cn2.next;
        }
        return len1 - len2;

    }

    //  a boolean equals method that returns true   if  LString and other   are the same, false if not
    public boolean  equals(Object other)    {
        if  (this   ==  other) {
            return true;
        }
        if  (other instanceof   LString)    {
            LString otherLString    = (LString)other;
            int n   = length();
            if  (n  ==  otherLString.length()) {
                node n1 = front;
                node n2 = otherLString.front;
                while   (n1 != null) {
                    if  (n1.data    !=  n2.data)    {
                        return false;
                    }
                    n1  = n1.next;
                    n2  = n2.next;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }


    //  charAt returns  the character of LString at the argument index
    public char charAt(int index)   {

        if  ((index < 0) || (index >= this.length()))   {
            throw   new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }
        node curNode =  front;
        for (int    i = 0; i    < this.length(); i++, curNode   = curNode.next) {
            if  (i  ==  index) {
                return curNode.data;
            }
        }
        throw   new IllegalStateException();
    }

    //
    public void setCharAt(int index,    char ch)    {
      if (index < 0 || index >= this.length()) {
         throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
      }
      else {
         node currNode = front;
         for (int i = 0; i <this.length(); i++, currNode = currNode.next) {
            if (i == index) {
            currNode.data = ch;
            }
         }
      }
   }

    public LString  substring(int start,    int end)    {
      if (start < 0 || end > this.length() || start > end) {
         throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
      }
      LString substring = new LString();
      if (start == end) {
         return substring;
      }
      node node = this.front;
      for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
         node = node.next;
      }
      node copy = new node(node.data);
      substring.front = copy;
      for (int i = start+1; i < end; i++) {
         node = node.next;
         copy = copy.next = new node(node.data);
      }
      return substring;      
    }
    public LString  replace(int start, int end, LString lStr)   {
        return null;
    }

    public String toString(){
        StringBuilder result    = new   StringBuilder();

        node curr = front;
        while   (curr   !=  null){

            result.append(curr.data);
            curr = curr.next;
        }
        return result.toString();
    }
}

一些注意事项:我确实编写了一个 toString()方法，并且在此代码中还有一个 replace()方法，我将在此之后编写.

A few notes: I did write a toString() method, and in this code is also a replace() method, which I'll write after this.

这是使 end 包含在内的错误和代码:

Here is the error and code for making end inclusive:

错误:

Running substring tests (63 tests)
Starting tests: E....EEE....E.EEEEEE.....E.EEEEEEE....E.EEEEEEE....E.EEEEEEE...
Time: 0.028

There were 35 failures:
1) test41aSubStringEmpty(LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial.test41aSubStringEmpty(LStringTest.java:368)
        ... 10 more
2) test43bSubStringOneChar(LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial.test43bSubStringOneChar(LStringTest.java:395)
        ... 10 more
3) test43cSubStringOneChar(LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial.test43cSubStringOneChar(LStringTest.java:401)
        ... 10 more
4) test43dSubStringOneCharIsNew(LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTestSpecial.test43dSubStringOneCharIsNew(LStringTest.java:407)
        ... 10 more
5) test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:468)
        ... 10 more
6) test51dSubstringAtStart[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not correct expected:<a[]> but was:<a[b]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51dSubstringAtStart(LStringTest.java:478)
        ... 10 more
7) test51eSubstringAtEnd[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51eSubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:483)
        ... 10 more
8) test51fSubstringInMiddle[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not correct expected:<[]> but was:<[b]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51fSubstringInMiddle(LStringTest.java:488)
        ... 10 more
9) test51gSubstringAll[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51gSubstringAll(LStringTest.java:493)
        ... 10 more
10) test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not new LString expected:<a[]> but was:<a[b]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew(LStringTest.java:500)
        ... 10 more
11) test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew[0](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew(LStringTest.java:505)
        ... 10 more
12) test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:468)
        ... 10 more
13) test51dSubstringAtStart[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not correct expected:<a[]> but was:<a[b]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51dSubstringAtStart(LStringTest.java:478)
        ... 10 more
14) test51eSubstringAtEnd[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51eSubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:483)
        ... 10 more
15) test51fSubstringInMiddle[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not correct expected:<b[]> but was:<b[c]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51fSubstringInMiddle(LStringTest.java:488)
        ... 10 more
16) test51gSubstringAll[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51gSubstringAll(LStringTest.java:493)
        ... 10 more
17) test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not new LString expected:<a[]> but was:<a[b]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew(LStringTest.java:500)
        ... 10 more
18) test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew(LStringTest.java:505)
        ... 10 more
19) test51kSubstringInMiddleIsNew[1](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not new LString expected:<b[]> but was:<b[c]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51kSubstringInMiddleIsNew(LStringTest.java:515)
        ... 10 more
20) test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:468)
        ... 10 more
21) test51dSubstringAtStart[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not correct expected:<A long []> but was:<A long [s]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51dSubstringAtStart(LStringTest.java:478)
        ... 10 more
22) test51eSubstringAtEnd[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51eSubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:483)
        ... 10 more
23) test51fSubstringInMiddle[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not correct expected:<ng str[]> but was:<ng str[i]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51fSubstringInMiddle(LStringTest.java:488)
        ... 10 more
24) test51gSubstringAll[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51gSubstringAll(LStringTest.java:493)
        ... 10 more
25) test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not new LString expected:<A long []> but was:<A long [s]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew(LStringTest.java:500)
        ... 10 more
26) test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew(LStringTest.java:505)
        ... 10 more
27) test51kSubstringInMiddleIsNew[2](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not new LString expected:<ng str[]> but was:<ng str[i]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51kSubstringInMiddleIsNew(LStringTest.java:515)
        ... 10 more
28) test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51bEmptySubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:468)
        ... 10 more
29) test51dSubstringAtStart[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not correct expected:<This is an even[]> but was:<This is an even[ ]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51dSubstringAtStart(LStringTest.java:478)
        ... 10 more
30) test51eSubstringAtEnd[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51eSubstringAtEnd(LStringTest.java:483)
        ... 10 more
31) test51fSubstringInMiddle[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not correct expected:<an even longer[]> but was:<an even longer[ ]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51fSubstringInMiddle(LStringTest.java:488)
        ... 10 more
32) test51gSubstringAll[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51gSubstringAll(LStringTest.java:493)
        ... 10 more
33) test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(0, mid) is not new LString expected:<This is an even[]> but was:<This is an even[ ]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51hSubstringAtStartIsNew(LStringTest.java:500)
        ... 10 more
34) test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException
        at LString.substring(LString.java:142)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51jSubstringAtEndIsNew(LStringTest.java:505)
        ... 10 more
35) test51kSubstringInMiddleIsNew[3](LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest)
org.junit.ComparisonFailure: substring(left, right) is not new LString expected:<an even longer[]> but was:<an even longer[ ]>
        at org.junit.Assert.assertEquals(Assert.java:115)
        at LStringTest$LStringSubStringTest.test51kSubstringInMiddleIsNew(LStringTest.java:515)
        ... 10 more

Test Failed! (35 of 63 tests failed.)

Test failures: abandoning other phases.

以下是相关的代码差异，仅 substring()不同:

Here is the relevant differences in code, only substring() is different:

public LString  substring(int start,    int end)    {
  if (start < 0 || end >= this.length() || start > end) {
     throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
  }
  LString substring = new LString();
  /*if (start == end) {
     return substring;
  }*/
  node node = this.front;
  for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
     node = node.next;
  }
  node copy = new node(node.data);
  substring.front = copy;
  for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
     node = node.next;
     copy = copy.next = new node(node.data);
  }
  return substring;      
}

关于错误的 LStringTest 部分:

   @Test public void test43aSubStringOneChar() {
         LString testLString = new LString("a");
         assertEquals("Substring of One Character LString is not Empty",
               nullLString, testLString.substring(0, 0));
      }

      @Test public void test43bSubStringOneChar() {
         LString testLString = new LString("a");
         assertEquals("Substring of One Character LString is not Empty",
               nullLString, testLString.substring(1, 1));
      }

      @Test public void test43cSubStringOneChar() {
         LString testLString = new LString("a");
         assertEquals("Substring of One Character LString is not equals LString",
               testLString, testLString.substring(0, 1));
      }

推荐答案

该其他答案中的代码无法编译，即使编译成功，也无法正常工作.

The code in that other answer doesn't compile, and even if it did, doesn't function correctly.

假设您正在使用标准的(对于Java)基于零的索引，并且 end 索引是排他的，则此代码将进行编译和测试.

Assuming you're using standard (for Java) zero-based indexing, and that the end index is exclusive, this code compiles and is tested.

public LString substring(int start, int end) {
    if (start < 0 || end > length() || start > end) {
        throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
    }
    LString result = new LString();
    if (start == end) {
        return result;
    }
    node node = this.front;
    for (int i = 0; i < start; i++) {
        node = node.next;
    }
    node copy = new node(node.data);
    result.front = copy;
    for (int i = start + 1; i < end; i++) {
        node = node.next;
        copy = copy.next = new node(node.data);
    }
    result.size = end - start;
    return result;
}

如果您希望 end 包含所有内容，尽管这违反Java约定，则您将更改三件事:

If you wanted end to be inclusive, though this would be against Java convention, you would change three things:

  1. 方法开头的保护子句必须说 end> = length()而不是 end>length()，
  2. 第二个保护子句 if (start == end) { return substring;} 将需要完全删除，并且
  3. 最后一个for循环将初始化 int i = start 而不是 int i = start + 1 .
  1. the guard clause at the start of the method would have to say end >= length() instead of end > length(),
  2. the second guard clause if (start == end) { return substring; } would need to be removed entirely, and
  3. the last for loop would initialize int i = start instead of int i = start + 1.

顺便说一句，如果您在类中具有 toString()方法，则更容易查看您的 LString 实例发生了什么.

By the way, it's much easier to see what's happening with your LString instances if you have a toString() method in the class.

@Override
public String toString() {
    if (this.front == null) return "";
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(length());
    node node = this.front;
    do sb.append(node.data);
    while ((node = node.next) != null);
    return sb.toString();
}

这篇关于链表对象的substring()方法的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

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