在MacOS上安装virtualenv和virtualenvwrapper [英] Install virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper on MacOS
问题描述
如何在 OSX 上为 Python 安装和配置 virtualenv 和 virtualenvwrapper ?
How to install and configure virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper for Python on OSX?
推荐答案
要重复安装 virtualenv 和 virtualenvwrapper ，您需要正确配置的 Python (此示例使用 Python 3.x ，但处理过程与 Python 2.x 相同).
To install virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper for repetitive use you need a correctly configured Python (this example uses Python 3.x but process is identical for Python 2.x).
尽管您可以从Python网站获得 python 安装程序，但我还是强烈建议反对.在 MacOS 上安装 Python 的最方便且面向未来的方法是 brew .
Although you can get python installer from Python website I strongly advice against it. The most convenient and future-proof method to install Python on MacOS is brew.
Python网站的安装程序与
brew 的主要区别在于，安装程序将 python 软件包放入:
Main difference between installer from Python website and brew is that installer puts python packages to:
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.x
另一方面，
Brew 安装 Python ， Pip & Setuptools 并将所有内容放入:
Brew on the other hand installs Python, Pip & Setuptools and puts everything to:
/usr/local/bin/python3.x/site-packages
尽管它现在对您可能没有任何影响–稍后会出现.
And though it may not make any difference to you now – it will later on.
- 安装
酿造
查看 brew 安装页面或直接在您的终端中运行:
Check out brew installation page or simply run this in your terminal:
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
- 安装
Python
要使用 brew 安装 python ，请运行:
brew install python3
现在，您的系统需要知道在哪里寻找新安装的 Python 软件包.将此行添加到您的〜/.zshrc (或〜/.bash_profile (如果您使用的是 bash )):
Now your system needs to know where to look for freshly installed Python packages. Add this line to youre ~/.zshrc (or ~/.bash_profile if you're using bash):
export PATH=/usr/local/share/python:$PATH
重新启动您的终端.为了确保您已正确完成所有操作，请运行哪个python3 ，作为回报，您应该收到/usr/local/bin/python .
Restart your terminal.
To make sure you've done everything correctly run which python3 and in return you should receive /usr/local/bin/python.
- 安装
virtualenv&virtualenvwrapper
- Install
virtualenv&virtualenvwrapper
现在是时候安装 virtualenv 和 virtualenvwrapper 以便能够使用 workon 命令并在虚拟环境之间进行切换了.这是通过 pip :
Now it's time to install virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper to be able to use workon command and switch between virtual environments. This is done using pip:
pip3 install virtualenv virtualenvwrapper
- 设置
virtualenv变量
为您的虚拟环境定义默认路径.例如，您可以在〜中创建一个隐藏目录，并使用 mkdir〜/.virtualenvs 将其命名为 .virtualenvs .将 virtualenv 变量添加到 .zshrc (或 .bash_profile )中.
Define a default path for your virtual environments. For example you can create a hidden directory inside ~ and called it .virtualenvs with mkdir ~/.virtualenvs. Add virtualenv variables to .zshrc (or .bash_profile).
您的 .zshrc (或 .bash_profile )的最终版本应包含以下信息，以与已安装的软件包一起正常工作:
Final version of your .zshrc (or .bash_profile) should contain this information to work properly with installed packages:
# Setting PATH for Python 3 installed by brew
export PATH=/usr/local/share/python:$PATH
# Configuration for virtualenv
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/local/bin/python3
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_VIRTUALENV=/usr/local/bin/virtualenv
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh
重启终端.您应该能够使用 mkvirtualenv 和 workon 命令，包括自动补全.
Restart your terminal. You should be able to use mkvirtualenv and workon commands including autocompletion.
在有关如何创建具有特定功能的virtualenv的小提示版本的Python.
Here's a little tip on how to create virtualenv with specific version of Python.
如果您使用的是
MacOS Mojave，并且要安装的是Python3.6从冲泡瓶中，您可能有pip，这里是可能有帮助的解决方案.
In case you are using
MacOS Mojaveand you are installingPython3.6from brew bottle you might have a problem withpip, here's a solution that might help.
随着时间的推移，你们中的一些人可能想要安装多个 Python 版本，每个版本具有多个虚拟环境.这就是 pyenv 和 pyenv-virtualenv 发挥作用.
With time some of you may want to install multiple Python versions with multiple virtual environments per version. That's where pyenv and pyenv-virtualenv come into play.
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