在Catalina，Python/Python3，pip/pip3，PATH，zshrc等中使用zsh时遇到问题 [英] Problems using zsh with Catalina, Python/Python3, pip/pip3, PATH, zshrc, etc

问题描述

我最近更新了Catalina和默认的zsh.我可能在过渡过程中弄乱了路径，目前我正在尝试整理Python3.7，pip3，命令行PATH和我的zshrc文件的位置.

I recently updated to Catalina and the default zsh. I probably messed up paths during the transition, and I'm currently trying to sort out the locations of Python3.7, pip3, the command-line PATH and my zshrc file.

似乎/usr/bin，/usr/local/bin，/usr/local/Cellar/python和/Users/[user]/.local/bin中包含潜在的冗余文件

It looks as if there are potentially redundant files contained within /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin, /usr/local/Cellar/python and /Users/[user]/.local/bin

以下是命令的复制品:

$ which python3
/usr/bin/python3

$ which python
/usr/bin/python

$ which pip
pip not found

$ which pip3
/usr/bin/pip3

$ pip3 -V
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/pip3", line 10, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable

$ cat ~/.zshrc
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

$ echo $PATH
/Users/[user]/.local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/Users/[user]/anaconda3/bin:/Users/[user]/anaconda3/bin:/Users/[user]/.local/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/Users/[user]/anaconda3:/Library/TeX/texbin:/usr/local/share/dotnet:/Library/Frameworks/Mono.framework/Versions/Current/Commands:/Applications/Xamarin Workbooks.app/Contents/SharedSupport/path-bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin

有人可以帮我解决所有这些问题吗?据我了解:我只需要Python2.x用于操作系统；与Catalina一起使用时，我现在应该将Python3.x 仅存储在我的用户中(而不是在/usr中)?pip3是随Python3.x自动安装的(尽管我的返回一个错误)，并且还应该安装在我的User中而不是/usr中?此外，我的$ PATH仍然包含残留物，例如Anaconda，此后我将其删除了...如何/在何处更新我的$ PATH?在zshrc文件中?

Can anyone help me troubleshoot all of this? From what I understand: I only need Python2.x for OS; with Catalina I should now be storing Python3.x only within my User (not in /usr)? pip3 is automatically installed with Python3.x (although mine is returning an error) and also should be installed within my User and not in /usr? Also, my $PATH still contains remnants, e.g., Anaconda, which I have since removed... how/where do I update my $PATH? Within the zshrc file?

推荐答案

在全新安装Catalina之后，我遇到了此问题.我也在使用 zsh .

I've experienced this issue after a clean installation of Catalina. I'm also using zsh.

我做错了什么:

我使用以下方法安装了新版本的 pip :

I've installed a new version of pip by using:

sudo pip3 install --upgrade pip

根据提示.但是，这不适用于Apple的 python ，因为路径不正确.相反，应该使用 sudo -H.

as prompted. However, this will not work with Apple's python, as the path will not be correct. Instead, sudo -H should be used.

我如何固定点子:

幸运的是， python3 -m pip 仍可作为 pip3 的解决方法.

Fortunately, python3 -m pip still works as a workaround for pip3.

安装旧版本的 pip (对于我来说， 19.3.0 就足够了):

Install an older version of pip (in my case, 19.3.0 was sufficient):

sudo -H python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip==19.3.0

然后再次升级:

sudo -H python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

我希望这也能解决您的问题.

I hope this will also solve your issue.

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