Matplotlib 按分类因素散布颜色 [英] Matplotlib scatter color by categorical factors
问题描述
我有一个基本的散点图,其中 x 和 y 是浮动的.但是我想根据第三个类别变量来更改标记的颜色.分类变量采用字符串形式.这似乎引起了问题.
I have a basic scatter where the x and y are float. But I want to change the color of the marker based on a third categorical variable. The categorical variable is in a string form. This seems to cause an issue.
要使用 iris 数据集 - 这是我想我会使用的代码:
To use the iris dataset- here is the code I think I would use:
#Scatter of Petal
x=df['Petal Length']
y=df['Petal Width']
z=df['Species']
plt.scatter(x, y, c=z, s=15, cmap='hot')
plt.xlabel('Petal Width')
plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
plt.title('Petal Width vs Length')
但是我得到一个错误:无法将字符串转换为浮点:iris-setosa
But I get an error that: could not convert string to float: iris-setosa
在运行之前是否必须将分类变量更改为数字变量,还是可以对当前格式的数据进行某些操作?
Do I have to change the categorical variable to a numeric one before I run, or is there something I can do with the data in its current format?
谢谢
更新:整个回溯是:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-47-d67ee3bffc3b> in <module>()
3 y=df['Petal Width']
4 z=df['Species']
----> 5 plt.scatter(x, y, c=z, s=15, cmap='hot')
6 plt.xlabel('Petal Width')
7 plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
/Users/mpgartland1/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.pyc in scatter(x, y, s, c, marker, cmap, norm, vmin, vmax, alpha, linewidths, verts, hold, **kwargs)
3198 ret = ax.scatter(x, y, s=s, c=c, marker=marker, cmap=cmap, norm=norm,
3199 vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, alpha=alpha,
-> 3200 linewidths=linewidths, verts=verts, **kwargs)
3201 draw_if_interactive()
3202 finally:
/Users/mpgartland1/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/axes/_axes.pyc in scatter(self, x, y, s, c, marker, cmap, norm, vmin, vmax, alpha, linewidths, verts, **kwargs)
3605
3606 if c_is_stringy:
-> 3607 colors = mcolors.colorConverter.to_rgba_array(c, alpha)
3608 else:
3609 # The inherent ambiguity is resolved in favor of color
/Users/mpgartland1/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/colors.pyc in to_rgba_array(self, c, alpha)
420 result = np.zeros((nc, 4), dtype=np.float)
421 for i, cc in enumerate(c):
--> 422 result[i] = self.to_rgba(cc, alpha)
423 return result
424
/Users/mpgartland1/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/colors.pyc in to_rgba(self, arg, alpha)
374 except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
375 raise ValueError(
--> 376 'to_rgba: Invalid rgba arg "%s"\n%s' % (str(arg), exc))
377
378 def to_rgba_array(self, c, alpha=None):
ValueError: to_rgba: Invalid rgba arg "Iris-setosa"
to_rgb: Invalid rgb arg "Iris-setosa"
could not convert string to float: iris-setosa
推荐答案
正如您的回溯告诉您的那样,您不能将字符串传递给color参数.您可以传递颜色,也可以传递将其本身解释为颜色的值数组.
As your traceback tells you, you can't pass a string to the color parameter. You can pass either colors, or an array of values that it will interpret as colors itself.
请参阅:http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html?highlight=plot#matplotlib.pyplot.plot
可能有一种更优雅的方法,但是以下一种实现方式(我使用了以下数据集:
There is probably a more elegant way, but one implementation would be the following (I used the following dataset: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pydata/pandas/master/pandas/tests/data/iris.csv):
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.colors as colors
import matplotlib.cm as cmx
from pandas import read_csv
df = read_csv('iris.csv')
#Scatter of Petal
x=df['PetalLength']
y=df['PetalWidth']
# Get unique names of species
uniq = list(set(df['Name']))
# Set the color map to match the number of species
z = range(1,len(uniq))
hot = plt.get_cmap('hot')
cNorm = colors.Normalize(vmin=0, vmax=len(uniq))
scalarMap = cmx.ScalarMappable(norm=cNorm, cmap=hot)
# Plot each species
for i in range(len(uniq)):
indx = df['Name'] == uniq[i]
plt.scatter(x[indx], y[indx], s=15, color=scalarMap.to_rgba(i), label=uniq[i])
plt.xlabel('Petal Width')
plt.ylabel('Petal Length')
plt.title('Petal Width vs Length')
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.show()
给出如下内容:
明确为图例添加标签.
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