如何在 MatPlotLib 中注释/突出显示 3d 绘图 [英] How to annotate/highlight a 3d plot in MatPlotLib

问题描述

我想做这样的事情:http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/_images/86cbd17f31.png 在 3d 空间中.基本上我想突出显示表面图的一部分.有什么建议吗?

I would like to do something like this: http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/_images/86cbd17f31.png in a 3d space. Basically I want to highlight a portion of a surface plot. Any suggestions?

推荐答案

edit3 (这取代了先前误导的答案)

edit3 (this replaces a very mis-guided previous answer)

又更新了.查看评论

如果您深入到该图生成的面集合，则可以修改表面图的面色.它做了一些神奇的阴影并根据 zorder 重新排序颜色列表，所以我在弄清楚如何将分配的阴影保留在未突出显示的区域中但仍然能够索引感兴趣的区域时遇到了一些麻烦.这是一种有效的方法.我希望你想要阴影面而不是某种 3D 半透明柱.也可以做到这一点，但我认为要突出显示突出显示的内容将非常困难，并且定义zorder会非常棘手.

You can modify the face colors of a surface plot if you drill down to the polygon collection that is generated by the plot. It does some magic shading and re-orders the list of colors depending on zorder so I had some trouble figuring out how to keep the assigned shading in the un-highlighted region yet still be able to index the region of interests. Here is a method that works. I hope you wanted shaded faces and not some kind of 3D semi-transparent columns. This could also be done, but I think it would be very difficult to tell what is highlighted and would be really tricky to define the zorder.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import cm
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import numpy as np
import mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.art3d as art3d
from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle, PathPatch

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')
X = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
Y = np.arange(-5, 5, 0.25)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(X, Y)
R = np.sqrt(X**2 + Y**2)
Z = np.sin(R)

xlo = X.min()
xhi = X.max()
ylo = Y.min()
yhi = Y.max()
zlo = -2
zhi = 2

surf = ax.plot_surface(X, Y, Z, rstride=1, cstride=1, linewidth=1, zorder=100)
cset = ax.contour(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', offset=zlo, alpha=0.0)

def highlight((xmin, xmax),(ymin, ymax)):
    # draw highlight on xz plane
    p1 = Rectangle((ymin,zlo),(ymax-ymin),(zhi-zlo), color='y', alpha=0.5, zorder=0)
    ax.add_patch(p1)
    art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p1, z=xlo, zdir='x')

    # draw highlight on yz plane
    p2 = Rectangle((xmin,zlo),(xmax-xmin),(zhi-zlo), color='y', alpha=0.5, zorder=0)
    ax.add_patch(p2)
    art3d.pathpatch_2d_to_3d(p2, z=yhi, zdir='y')

    # define a region to highlight
    highlight = (X>xmin)&(X<xmax)&(Y>ymin)&(Y<ymax)
    coll = ax.collections[0]
    # get the original color shading (if you want to keep that effect)
    colors = coll._facecolors_original
    #colors = coll.get_facecolors()
    # they are stored as a list for some reason so get the flat indicies
    for idx in np.where(highlight[:-1,:-1].flat)[0]:
        # and modifly one-by-one
        color = colors[idx][:]
        colors[idx][0] = color[2]  # swap red with blue
        colors[idx][3] = color[0]
        colors[idx][4] = .2  #change alpha
    # re-set the face colors
    coll.set_facecolors(colors)

highlight((-3,0),(-3,1))

ax.set_xlim3d(xlo, xhi)
ax.set_ylim3d(ylo, yhi)
ax.set_zlim3d(zlo, zhi)

plt.show()

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