Python 绘制带注释的 3D 点 [英] Python plotting 3D points with annotation

问题描述

我有一个3D图形，我想用坐标标注它们.但是，注释会重叠.我希望它们不重叠.

I have a 3D graph, and I would like to annotate them with the co-ordinates. However, the annotations gets overlapped. I would like them to not overlap.

我的问题是 -

• 注释重叠
• 在传说中，我不明白为什么有三角形和圆形两个符号.不应该只有一个吗?

仅供参考，我的数据集仅限于以下几点.所以即使任何其他参数是硬编码的，我也没关系.

Just for information, my data set is limited to the following points only. So even if any other parameters are hard-coded, it is okay with me.

这是我的代码.

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import proj3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import pylab    

xData1=[ 24500.,   2980.,   2980.,  13740.]
xData2=[  8360.,   8360.,  24500.,   5670.,   2980.,   2980.,  11050.,  13740.]
yData1=[ 179.,  244.,  242.,  181.]
yData2=[ 132.,  149.,  116.,  163.,  247.,  228.,  116.,  116.]
zData1=[  1.,  44.,  86.,  44.]
zData2=[ 86.,  22.,   1.,  86.,  43.,  86.,  86.,  22.]

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.gca(projection='3d')

ax.plot(xData1, yData1, zData1, '^', c='r', label='cfg1')
ax.plot(xData2, yData2, zData2, 'o', c='b', label='cfg2')


for i in range(len(xData1)):
    text='['+str(int(xData1[i]))+','+str(int(yData1[i]))+','+str(int(zData1[i]))+']'    
    x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xData1[i],yData1[i],zData1[i], ax.get_proj())    
    label = pylab.annotate(text,
    xycoords='data', 
    xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (60, 20),
    textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
    bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
    arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))


for i in range(len(xData2)):
    text='['+str(int(xData2[i]))+','+str(int(yData2[i]))+','+str(int(zData2[i]))+']'    
    x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xData2[i],yData2[i],zData2[i], ax.get_proj())    
    label = pylab.annotate(text,
    xycoords='data', 
    xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (20, 20),
    textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
    bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
    arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))

ax.set_xlabel('X-Data')
ax.set_ylabel('Y-Data')
ax.set_zlabel('Z-Data')

ax.legend(ncol=3)
plt.show()

推荐答案

这两个问题的答案都比较简单.我将首先从第二个开始:您的图例中有两个符号，因为您在定义图例时没有指定数字，并且默认值为 2.要更正，只需更改:

Both questions are relatively easy answers. I'll start with the second one first: There are two symbols in your legend because you didn't specify the number when you defined the legend and the default value is two. To correct, simply change:

    ax.legend(ncol=3, numpoints=1)

其中 numpoints 更改图例中的点数 - 现在设置为 1.

where numpoints changes the number of points within the legend - now it's set to 1.

第一个问题的答案涉及操纵文本注释的位置，更具体地说是 xytext，它给出文本的坐标.用下面的代码替换第二个for循环应摆脱重叠的文本，并为您提供一个很好的示例，说明如何更改其他任何难看的位置问题的注释框的位置:

The answer to your first question involves manipulating the placement of the text annotations, more specifically the xytext, which gives the coordinates for the text. Replacing your second for-loop with the below should get rid of your overlapping text and give you a good example of how to change the location of the annotation boxes for any other unsightly location-issues:

    for i in range(len(xData2)):
    text='['+str(int(xData2[i]))+','+str(int(yData2[i]))+','+str(int(zData2[i]))+']'
    x2, y2, _ = proj3d.proj_transform(xData2[i],yData2[i],zData2[i], ax.get_proj())
    if i==4:
        label = pylab.annotate(text,
                       xycoords='data',
                       xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (0, -50),
                       textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
                       bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
                       arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))
    elif i==6:
        label = pylab.annotate(text,
                           xycoords='data',
                           xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (-40, 0),
                           textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
                           bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
                           arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))
    else:
        label = pylab.annotate(text,
                           xycoords='data',
                           xy = (x2, y2), xytext = (-20, 10),
                           textcoords = 'offset points', ha = 'right', va = 'bottom',
                           bbox = dict(boxstyle = 'round,pad=0.5', fc = 'yellow', alpha = 0.5),
                           arrowprops = dict(arrowstyle = '->', connectionstyle = 'arc3,rad=0'))

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