如何在 MongoDB 中找到类似的文档? [英] How can I find similar documents in MongoDB?

问题描述

我有类似于以下内容的食物数据库列表:

I have food db listing similar to:

 {
   Name: "burger",
   ingredients: [
     {Item:"bread"},
     {Item:"cheese"},
     {Item:"tomato"}
   ]
 }

如何找到ingredients中具有最相似项目的文档?

How can I find documents that have the most similar items in ingredients?

推荐答案

首先，你的数据应该如下重构:

First of all, your data should be remodelled as below:

{
  name: "Burger",
  ingredients: [
    "bread",
    "cheese",
    "tomato",
    "beef"
  ]
}

额外的项目"不会添加任何附加信息，也不会以任何方式帮助访问数据.

The extra "Item" does not add any additional information nor does it help accessing the data in any way.

接下来，您需要创建一个文本索引.文档指出

Next, you need to create a text index. The docs state that

text 索引可以包含值为字符串或字符串元素数组的任何字段.

text indexes can include any field whose value is a string or an array of string elements.

所以我们只做一个

db.collection.ensureIndex({"ingredients":"text"})

现在我们可以进行$text 搜索:

Now we can do a $text search:

db.collection.find(
  { $text: { $search: "bread beef" } },
  { score: { $meta: "textScore" } }
).sort( { score: { $meta: "textScore" } } )

应该为您提供最相关的文档.

which should give you the most relevant documents.

但是，您还可以对直接匹配进行非文本搜索:

However, what you could also do is a non-text search for direct matches:

db.collection.find({ingredients:"beef"})

或多种成分

db.collections.find({ ingredients: { $all: ["beef","bread"] } })

因此，对于按用户输入进行搜索，您可以使用文本搜索，对于按所选成分进行搜索，您可以使用非文本搜索.

So for searching by user input, you can use the text search and for search by selected ingredients, you can use the non-text search.

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