如何使用 matplotlib 制作 3d 曲面图，Z 不是由 func 计算的? [英] How to make a 3d surface plot with matplotlib, Z is not calculated by func?

问题描述

我有 3 行数据分别用作 X、Z、Y.但是Z数据是直接从csv文件中读取的，所以不是(x,y)的函数.

I have 3 rows data used as X,Z, Y separately. But Z data is directly read from a csv file, so it's not a function of (x,y).

数据显示:

[[0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e-01 2.00000000e-01 3.00000000e-01
  3.09958506e-01 3.20000000e-01 3.25000000e-01 3.50000000e-01
  3.75000000e-01 4.00000000e-01 5.00000000e-01 6.00000000e-01
  7.00000000e-01]
 [1.31722083e+06 1.31722083e+06 1.31722083e+06 1.31722089e+06
  1.31722121e+06 1.31722083e+06 1.31722098e+06 1.31722134e+06
  1.31722101e+06 1.31722083e+06 1.31738292e+06 3.92708000e+12
  7.93453000e+12]
 [1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02
  1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02
  1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02 1.42000000e+02
  1.42000000e+02]]

我提到了这个答案:给定 3d 点绘制 3d 表面的最简单方法

我的代码是:

mat = pd.read_csv('results2.csv', header=None,sep=',').values
mat = mat[0:3,:13]
#print(mat)

Sparsity1 = mat[0,:]
agents1 = mat[2,:]
optimal1 = mat[1,:]

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

ax = Axes3D(fig)
#ax.plot_surface(Sparsity1,agents1, optimal1, rstride=1, cstride=1, cmap=cm.viridis)
ax.plot_trisurf(Sparsity1, agents1, optimal1, linewidth=0, antialiased=False)

surf = ax.plot_trisurf(Sparsity1, agents1, optimal1, cmap=cm.jet, linewidth=0)
fig.colorbar(surf)
plt.show()

如何制作带有曲面的 3d 绘图?它总是告诉我:

How can I make 3d plot with surface? It always tells me:

RuntimeError: Error in qhull Delaunay triangulation calculation: singular input data (exitcode=2); use python verbose option (-v) to see original qhull error.

如果我使用 np.meshgrid(x,y)，则会出现错误:

If I use np.meshgrid(x,y), then I got the error:

 ValueError: Argument Z must be 2-dimensional" 

我该如何解决这个问题?

How can I fix this?

提前致谢！

推荐答案

你的代码崩溃的原因是你的输入数据退化了.plot_trisurf 函数试图构建一个 Delaunay 三角剖分(在您的代码中，这些是 Sparsity1、agents1).但是，agents1 拥有相同的值，因此您尝试对一条线上的一组点进行三角测量(单数/退化配置)，这会调用 singular input data 错误来自 QHull，scipy 使用的底层库.

The reason your code crashes is that your input data is degenerate. The plot_trisurf function tries to construct a Delaunay triangulation from the X, Y parameters of the function (in your code these are Sparsity1, agents1). However, agents1 holds identical values so you are trying to triangulate a set of points on a line (a singular/degenerate configuration), which invokes the singular input data error from QHull, the underlying library that scipy uses.

如果您使用 agents1 作为您的 Z 值(而不是您的 Y 值)调用该函数，您将获得一个曲面图没有错误.

If you call the function with the agents1 as your Z values (instead of as your Y values) you will get a surface plot without the error.

ax.plot_trisurf(Sparsity1,optimal1,agents1,linewidth=0,antialiased=False).

或者，您可以构建自己的三角形网格并将其传递给函数，就像在 this stackoverflow answer 中所做的那样.

Alternatively you can construct your own triangular mesh and pass it to the function, like what was done in this stackoverflow answer.

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