R - 随时间变化的观察图频率，值范围较小 [英] R - graph frequency of observations over time with small value range

问题描述

我试图绘制随时间变化的观察频率.我有一个数据集，其中数百条法律被编码为 0-3.我想知道随着时间的推移，结果 2-3 是否会更频繁地发生.以下是模拟数据示例:

I'd trying to graph the frequency of observations over time. I have a dataset where hundreds of laws are coded 0-3. I'd like to know if outcomes 2-3 are occurring more often as time progresses. Here is a sample of mock data:

Data <- data.frame(
  year = sample(1998:2004, 200, replace = TRUE),
  score = sample(1:4, 200, replace = TRUE)
)

如果我画图

plot(Data$year, Data$score)

我得到一个方格矩阵，其中每个点都被填满，但我不知道哪些数字出现得更频繁.有没有办法通过给定行/年的观察次数来着色或改变每个点的大小?

I get a checkered matrix where every single spot is filled in, but I can't tell which numbers occur more often. Is there a way to color or to change the size of each point by the number of observations of a given row/year?

一些注释可能有助于回答问题:

A few notes may help in answering the question:

1).我不知道如何对某些数字比其他数字更频繁出现的数据进行采样.我的示例程序从所有数字中均等地采样.如果有更好的方法，我应该创建可重复的数据以反映以后几年的更多观察结果，我想知道如何.

1). I don't know how to sample data where certain numbers occur more frequently than others. My sample procedure samples equally from all numbers. If there is a better way I should have created my reproducible data to reflect more observations in later years, I would like to know how.

2).这似乎最好在散点图中进行可视化，但我可能是错的.我对其他可视化持开放态度.

2). this seemed like it would be best to visualize in a scatter plot, but I could be wrong. I'm open to other visualizations.

谢谢！

推荐答案

以下是我的处理方式(希望这是您所需要的)

Here's how I would approach this (hope this is what you need)

创建数据(注意:在问题中使用 sample 时，请始终使用 set.seed 以便可重现)

Create the data (Note: when using sample in questions, always use set.seed too so it will be reproducible)

set.seed(123)
Data <- data.frame(
  year = sample(1998:2004, 200, replace = TRUE),
  score = sample(1:4, 200, replace = TRUE)
)

使用table

Data2 <- as.data.frame.matrix(table(Data))
Data2$year <- row.names(Data2)

使用 melt 将其转换回长格式

Use melt to convert it back to long format

library(reshape2)
Data2 <- melt(Data2, "year")

绘制数据，同时显示每组不同的颜色和相对大小的预频率

Plot the data while showing different color per group and relative size pre frequency

library(ggplot2)
ggplot(Data2, aes(year, variable, size = value, color = variable)) +
  geom_point()

或者，您可以同时使用 fill 和 size 来描述频率，例如

Alternatively, you could use both fill and size to describe frequency, something like

ggplot(Data2, aes(year, variable, size = value, fill = value)) +
  geom_point(shape = 21)

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