如何在 PowerShell 中将哈希字符串转换为字节数组? [英] How to convert a hash string to byte array in PowerShell?

问题描述

当我的脚本运行时，我读取了一个哈希值，我想将它写入注册表.我发现以下命令可以做到:

New-ItemProperty $RegPath -Name $AttrName -PropertyType Binary -Value $byteArray

我还找到了如何使用 PowerShell 设置二进制注册表值 (REG_BINARY)?.

然而，所有答案都假设字符串的形式为:

"50,33,01,00,00,00,00,00,...."

但我只能以以下形式读取我的哈希:

F5442930B1778ED31A....."

我不知道如何将其转换为字节数组，其值为 F5、44 等.

解决方案

vonPryz 明智地建议简单地将哈希直接存储为注册表中的字符串(REG_SZ).

如果您确实想将数据存储为 REG_BINARY 类型，即作为 字节 的数组，则必须在字符串表示之间来回转换.

要将转换为[byte[]] 数组(使用缩短的示例哈希字符串):

PS>[byte[]] -split ('F54429' -replace '..', '0x$&')245 # 第一个字节:0xF5 的十进制表示68 # 第二个字节:0x44 的十进制表示41#.​​..

以上是 PowerShell 对结果数组的默认输出表示
[byte[]] (0xf5, 0x44, 0x29).

<小时>

要从转换[byte[]] 数组(返回字符串；PSv4+ 语法):

PS>-join ([byte[]] (0xf5, 0x44, 0x29)).ForEach('ToString', 'X2')F54429

.ForEach('ToString', 'X2') 相当于调用 .ToString('X2') - 即请求一个 hex 表示 left-0-padded 到 2 位数字 - 在每个数组元素上并收集结果字符串.-join 然后通过直接连接将这些字符串连接成单个字符串.

<小时>

综合起来:

# 示例哈希字符串.$hashString = 'F54429'# 将哈希字符串转换为字节数组.$hashByteArray = [byte[]] ($hashString -replace '..', '0x$&,' -split ',' -ne '')# 从字节数组创建一个 REG_BINARY 注册表值.Set-ItemProperty -LiteralPath HKCU:\ -Name tmp -Type Binary -Value $hashByteArray# 从注册表读回字节数组 (PSv5+)$hashByteArray2 = Get-ItemPropertyValue -LiteralPath HKCU:\ -Name tmp# 将其转换回字符串.$hashString2 = -join $hashByteArray2.ForEach('ToString', 'X2')# (清理.)Remove-ItemProperty -LiteralPath HKCU:\ -Name tmp

When my scripts run, I read a hash, and I would like to write it to the registry. I figured out that the following command will do it:

New-ItemProperty  $RegPath -Name $AttrName -PropertyType Binary -Value $byteArray

I also found the How to set a binary registry value (REG_BINARY) with PowerShell?.

However all answers suppose that the string is in form of:

"50,33,01,00,00,00,00,00,...."

but I only can read my hash in the following form:

"F5442930B1778ED31A....."

I can not figure out, how can I convert this to a byte array, with values F5, 44 etc.

解决方案

vonPryz sensibly suggests simply storing the hash directly as a string (REG_SZ) in the registry.

If you really want to store the data as type REG_BINARY, i.e., as an array of bytes, you must convert back and forth between the string representation.

To convert to a [byte[]] array (using a shortened sample hash string):

PS> [byte[]] -split ('F54429' -replace '..', '0x$& ')
245 # 1st byte: decimal representation of 0xF5
68  # 2nd byte: decimal representation of 0x44
41  # ...

The above is PowerShell's default output representation of resulting array
[byte[]] (0xf5, 0x44, 0x29).

---

To convert from a [byte[]] array (back to a string; PSv4+ syntax):

PS> -join ([byte[]] (0xf5, 0x44, 0x29)).ForEach('ToString', 'X2')
F54429

.ForEach('ToString', 'X2') is the equivalent of calling .ToString('X2') - i.e., requesting a hex representation left-0-padded to 2 digits - on each array element and collecting the resulting string. -join then joins these strings to a single string by direct concatenation.

---

To put it all together:

# Sample hash string.
$hashString = 'F54429'

# Convert the hash string to a byte array.
$hashByteArray = [byte[]] ($hashString -replace '..', '0x$&,' -split ',' -ne '')

# Create a REG_BINARY registry value from the byte array.
Set-ItemProperty -LiteralPath HKCU:\ -Name tmp -Type Binary -Value $hashByteArray

# Read the byte array back from the registry (PSv5+)
$hashByteArray2 = Get-ItemPropertyValue -LiteralPath HKCU:\ -Name tmp

# Convert it back to a string.
$hashString2 = -join $hashByteArray2.ForEach('ToString', 'X2')

# (Clean up.)
Remove-ItemProperty -LiteralPath HKCU:\ -Name tmp

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