如何在 PowerShell 中为 XML 添加子元素 [英] How to add a child element for XML in PowerShell

问题描述

我正在尝试为此 xml 创建一个子 XML 元素:

I'm trying to create a child XML element for this xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
</configuration>

我使用这个 PowerShell 脚本:

I use this PowerShell script:

[xml] $doc = Get-Content($filePath)
$child = $doc.CreateElement("newElement")
$doc.configuration.AppendChild($child)

我有一个错误:方法调用失败，因为 [System.String] 不包含名为的方法'AppendChild'.

推荐答案

如果您使用点表示法来导航 XML 文件(例如 $doc.configuration)，Powershell 会尝试巧妙地了解它的内容返回.

If you use dot notation to navigate an XML file (e.g. $doc.configuration), Powershell tries to be clever about what it returns.

• 如果目标元素为空或只包含一个文本节点，PS 将返回一个String.
• 如果目标元素包含文本节点以外的子节点，它将返回一个XmlElement.
• 如果存在多个目标元素，它将返回一个 Object[]，其中每个单独的数组元素再次受这些规则的约束，例如取决于其内容，它将是 String 或 XmlElement.
• 如果目标元素不存在，PS返回$null.

• If the target element is empty or only contains a single text node, PS will return a String.
• If the target element contains child nodes other than text nodes, it will return an XmlElement.
• If multiple target elements exist, it will return an Object[], where each individual array element is again subject to these rules, e.g. it will either be a String or an XmlElement depending on its contents.
• If the target element does not exist, PS returns $null.

就您而言，这很容易，因为您想将节点附加到文档元素:

In your case it's easy since you want to append nodes to the document element:

$doc = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$doc.Load($filePath)
$child = $doc.CreateElement("newElement")
$doc.DocumentElement.AppendChild($child)

但您可以使用 $doc.SelectNodes() 或 $doc.SelectSingleNode() 来浏览 XML 文档并始终返回一个节点/节点列表.

but you could use $doc.SelectNodes() or $doc.SelectSingleNode() to navigate around the XML document and always have a node/node list returned.

人们可能会争论这种行为的敏感性，但事实上，它使使用(结构合理的)XML 变得非常简单——例如，从配置文件或 API 响应中读取值等任务.这就是这个简单语法的目的.

One could argue about the sensibility of this behavior, but as a matter of fact it makes consuming (sanely structured) XML quite straight-forward - for example tasks such as reading values from a config file, or from an API response. That's the purpose of this simple syntax.

它不是用于创建 XML 的好工具，这是一项更复杂的任务.从一开始就使用 DOM API 方法是这里更好的方法.

It's not a good tool for creating XML, which is a more complex task. Using DOM API methods from the start is the better approach here.

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