存储和Perl中读入文件的哈希和数组 [英] Store and read hash and array in files in Perl

问题描述

我是一个noob.I需要有关数据应该如何保存，并在perl的阅读一些基本知识。说救哈希和数组。是什么格式的文件（扩展名）应该使用？文本？到目前为止，我只能保存所有东西串打印文件％哈希并阅读他们回来为字符串打印＆LT;文件＆gt; 。我应该怎么做，如果我需要我的散列函数和阵列输入从文件。如何把他们带回哈希和阵列？

I'm a noob.I need some basic knowledge about how data should be saved and read under perl. Say to save a hash and an array. What format (extension) of file should be used? txt? So far I can only save all the things as stringprint FILE %hash and read them back as stringprint <FILE>. What should I do if I need my function hash and array inputs from a file. How to put them back to hash and array?

推荐答案

您正在寻找数据的序列化。流行的选择是稳健的 Sereal ，的 JSON :: XS 并的 YAML :: XS 。鲜为人知的格式有： ASN.1 ，的 Avro的， BERT ，的 BSON ， CBOR ，< A HREF =htt​​p://jsync.org/相对=nofollow> JSYNC ， MessagePack ， Protocol Buffers的，的节俭。

You're looking for data serialisation. Popular choices that are robust are Sereal, JSON::XS and YAML::XS. Lesser known formats are: ASN.1, Avro, BERT, BSON, CBOR, JSYNC, MessagePack, Protocol Buffers, Thrift.

其他经常提到的选择是可保存并的数据::自卸车（或类似）/ 评估，但我不能建议他们，因为可存储的格式是Perl版本依赖，和评估是不安全的，因为它执行任意code。截至2012年，解析反一部分数据:: Undump 没有进展很远呢。我也不能推荐使用XML，因为它没有映射Perl数据类型好，并且存在多个竞争的/不兼容的架构如何将XML和数据之间的转换。

Other often mentioned choices are Storable and Data::Dumper (or similar)/eval, but I cannot recommend them because Storable's format is Perl version dependent, and eval is unsafe because it executes arbitrary code. As of 2012, the parsing counter-part Data::Undump has not progressed very far yet. I also cannot recommend using XML because it does not map Perl data types well, and there exists multiple competing/incompatible schemas how to translate between XML and data.

code例子（测试）：

Code examples (tested):

use JSON::XS qw(encode_json decode_json);
use File::Slurp qw(read_file write_file);
my %hash;
{
    my $json = encode_json \%hash;
    write_file('dump.json', { binmode => ':raw' }, $json);
}
{
    my $json = read_file('dump.json', { binmode => ':raw' });
    %hash = %{ decode_json $json };
}

---

use YAML::XS qw(Load Dump);
use File::Slurp qw(read_file write_file);
my %hash;
{
    my $yaml = Dump \%hash;
    write_file('dump.yml', { binmode => ':raw' }, $yaml);
}
{
    my $yaml = read_file('dump.yml', { binmode => ':raw' });
    %hash = %{ Load $yaml };
}

---

下一步从这里 对象持久化 。

另请阅读：串行器为Perl：何时使用什么

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