在 Perl 中的文件中存储和读取哈希和数组 [英] Store and read hash and array in files in Perl

问题描述

我是菜鸟.我需要一些关于如何在 perl 下保存和读取数据的基本知识.说要保存一个散列和一个数组.应该使用什么格式(扩展名)的文件?文本?到目前为止，我只能将所有内容保存为 stringprint FILE %hash 并将它们读回为 stringprint .如果我需要来自文件的函数散列和数组输入，我该怎么办.如何将它们放回散列和数组?

I'm a noob.I need some basic knowledge about how data should be saved and read under perl. Say to save a hash and an array. What format (extension) of file should be used? txt? So far I can only save all the things as stringprint FILE %hash and read them back as stringprint <FILE>. What should I do if I need my function hash and array inputs from a file. How to put them back to hash and array?

推荐答案

您正在寻找数据序列化.强大的流行选择是 Sereal、JSON::XS 和 YAML::XS.鲜为人知的格式有:ASN.1、Avro、BERT、BSON, CBOR、JSYNC、MessagePack、协议缓冲区、节俭.

You're looking for data serialisation. Popular choices that are robust are Sereal, JSON::XS and YAML::XS. Lesser known formats are: ASN.1, Avro, BERT, BSON, CBOR, JSYNC, MessagePack, Protocol Buffers, Thrift.

其他经常提到的选择是 Storable 和 Data::Dumper(或类似的)/eval，但我不能推荐它们，因为 Storable 的格式取决于 Perl 版本，并且 eval 是不安全的，因为它执行任意代码.截至 2012 年，解析计数器部分 Data::Undump 还没有取得很大进展.我也不推荐使用 XML，因为它不能很好地映射 Perl 数据类型，并且存在多个相互竞争/不兼容的模式如何在 XML 和数据之间进行转换.

Other often mentioned choices are Storable and Data::Dumper (or similar)/eval, but I cannot recommend them because Storable's format is Perl version dependent, and eval is unsafe because it executes arbitrary code. As of 2012, the parsing counter-part Data::Undump has not progressed very far yet. I also cannot recommend using XML because it does not map Perl data types well, and there exists multiple competing/incompatible schemas how to translate between XML and data.

代码示例(已测试):

use JSON::XS qw(encode_json decode_json);
use File::Slurp qw(read_file write_file);
my %hash;
{
    my $json = encode_json \%hash;
    write_file('dump.json', { binmode => ':raw' }, $json);
}
{
    my $json = read_file('dump.json', { binmode => ':raw' });
    %hash = %{ decode_json $json };
}

---

use YAML::XS qw(Load Dump);
use File::Slurp qw(read_file write_file);
my %hash;
{
    my $yaml = Dump \%hash;
    write_file('dump.yml', { binmode => ':raw' }, $yaml);
}
{
    my $yaml = read_file('dump.yml', { binmode => ':raw' });
    %hash = %{ Load $yaml };
}

---

从这里开始的下一步是对象持久性.

另请阅读:Perl 序列化程序:何时使用什么

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