使用 Python 请求发送 SOAP 请求 [英] Sending SOAP request using Python Requests

问题描述

是否可以使用 Python 的 requests 库发送 SOAP 请求?

Is it possible to use Python's requests library to send a SOAP request?

推荐答案

确实有可能.

以下是使用普通请求库调用 Wea​​ther SOAP 服务的示例:

Here is an example calling the Weather SOAP Service using plain requests lib:

import requests
url="http://wsf.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/Weather.asmx?WSDL"
#headers = {'content-type': 'application/soap+xml'}
headers = {'content-type': 'text/xml'}
body = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
         <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:ns0="http://ws.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/" xmlns:ns1="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" 
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
            <SOAP-ENV:Header/>
              <ns1:Body><ns0:GetWeatherInformation/></ns1:Body>
         </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>"""

response = requests.post(url,data=body,headers=headers)
print response.content

一些注意事项:

• 标题很重要.如果没有正确的标头，大多数 SOAP 请求将无法工作.application/soap+xml 可能是更正确 使用的标头(但是weatherservice 更喜欢text/xml
• 这会将响应作为 xml 字符串返回 - 然后您需要解析该 xml.
• 为简单起见，我将请求包含为纯文本.但最佳实践是将其存储为模板，然后您可以使用 jinja2(例如)加载它 - 并传入变量.

• The headers are important. Most SOAP requests will not work without the correct headers. application/soap+xml is probably the more correct header to use (but the weatherservice prefers text/xml
• This will return the response as a string of xml - you would then need to parse that xml.
• For simplicity I have included the request as plain text. But best practise would be to store this as a template, then you can load it using jinja2 (for example) - and also pass in variables.

例如:

from jinja2 import Environment, PackageLoader
env = Environment(loader=PackageLoader('myapp', 'templates'))
template = env.get_template('soaprequests/WeatherSericeRequest.xml')
body = template.render()

有些人提到了 suds 库.Suds 可能是与 SOAP 交互更正确的方式，但是我经常发现当您的 WDSL 格式错误时它会有点恐慌(TBH，当您重新与仍在使用 SOAP 的机构打交道 ;) ).

Some people have mentioned the suds library. Suds is probably the more correct way to be interacting with SOAP, but I often find that it panics a little when you have WDSLs that are badly formed (which, TBH, is more likely than not when you're dealing with an institution that still uses SOAP ;) ).

你可以像这样用肥皂水做上面的事情:

from suds.client import Client
url="http://wsf.cdyne.com/WeatherWS/Weather.asmx?WSDL"
client = Client(url)
print client ## shows the details of this service

result = client.service.GetWeatherInformation() 
print result 

注意:在使用 suds 时，您几乎总是需要看医生!

Note: when using suds, you will almost always end up needing to use the doctor!

最后，调试 SOAP 的一点小收获；TCPdump 是您的朋友.在 Mac 上，你可以像这样运行 TCPdump:

Finally, a little bonus for debugging SOAP; TCPdump is your friend. On Mac, you can run TCPdump like so:

sudo tcpdump -As 0 

这有助于检查实际通过线路的请求.

This can be helpful for inspecting the requests that actually go over the wire.

以上两个代码片段也可作为要点使用:

• 带有请求的 SOAP 请求
• 带有 suds 的 SOAP 请求

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