如何将 XML 转换为 Python 对象? [英] How can I convert XML into a Python object?

问题描述

我需要加载一个 XML 文件并将内容转换为面向对象的 Python 结构.我想拿这个:

I need to load an XML file and convert the contents into an object-oriented Python structure. I want to take this:

<main>
    <object1 attr="name">content</object>
</main>

然后把它变成这样:

main
main.object1 = "content"
main.object1.attr = "name"

XML 数据将具有比这更复杂的结构，我无法对元素名称进行硬编码.解析时需要收集属性名称，作为对象属性使用.

The XML data will have a more complicated structure than that and I can't hard code the element names. The attribute names need to be collected when parsing and used as the object properties.

如何将 XML 数据转换为 Python 对象?

How can I convert XML data into a Python object?

推荐答案

值得一看 lxml.objectify.

xml = """<main>
<object1 attr="name">content</object1>
<object1 attr="foo">contenbar</object1>
<test>me</test>
</main>"""

from lxml import objectify

main = objectify.fromstring(xml)
main.object1[0]             # content
main.object1[1]             # contenbar
main.object1[0].get("attr") # name
main.test                   # me

或者反过来构建 xml 结构:

Or the other way around to build xml structures:

item = objectify.Element("item")
item.title = "Best of python"
item.price = 17.98
item.price.set("currency", "EUR")

order = objectify.Element("order")
order.append(item)
order.item.quantity = 3
order.price = sum(item.price * item.quantity for item in order.item)

import lxml.etree
print(lxml.etree.tostring(order, pretty_print=True))

输出:

<order>
  <item>
    <title>Best of python</title>
    <price currency="EUR">17.98</price>
    <quantity>3</quantity>
  </item>
  <price>53.94</price>
</order>

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