Python:如何在txt文件的控制台中写入错误? [英] Python: How to write error in the console in txt file?

问题描述

我有一个 python 脚本，它每 10 分钟向我发送一封电子邮件，其中包含在控制台中编写的所有内容.我在我的 ubuntu 18.04 vps 中使用 crontab 运行它.有时它不发送邮件，所以我假设当发生错误时执行会停止，但如何将错误写入 txt 文件中以便我可以分析错误?

I have a python script which every 10 minutes sends me an email with everything written in the console. I am running this with the crontab in my ubuntu 18.04 vps. Sometimes it doesn't send the mail so I assume that when an error happens execution stops but how can I get the errors to be written in a txt file so I can analyze the error ?

推荐答案

日志模块

使用logginga> 模块，这将是通用方法

Logging Module

To demonstrate the approach with the logging module, this would be the general approach

import logging

# Create a logging instance
logger = logging.getLogger('my_application')
logger.setLevel(logging.INFO) # you can set this to be DEBUG, INFO, ERROR

# Assign a file-handler to that instance
fh = logging.FileHandler("file_dir.txt")
fh.setLevel(logging.INFO) # again, you can set this differently

# Format your logs (optional)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')
fh.setFormatter(formatter) # This will set the format to the file handler

# Add the handler to your logging instance
logger.addHandler(fh)

try:
    raise ValueError("Some error occurred")
except ValueError as e:
    logger.exception(e) # Will send the errors to the file

如果我cat file_dir.txt

2019-03-14 14:52:50,676 - my_application - ERROR - Some error occurred
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
ValueError: Some error occurred

打印到文件

正如我在评论中指出的，你可以用 print 来完成这个(我不确定你会因此而鼓掌)

Print to File

As I pointed out in the comments, you could accomplish this with print as well (I'm not sure you will be applauded for it)

# Set your stdout pointer to a file handler
with open('my_errors.txt', 'a') as fh:
    try:
        raise ValueError("Some error occurred")
    except ValueError as e:
        print(e, file=fh)

cat my_errors.txt

Some error occurred

请注意，logging.exception 包括在这种情况下的回溯，这是该模块的众多巨大好处之一

Note that logging.exception includes the traceback in this case, which is one of the many huge benefits of that module

为了完整起见，traceback 模块利用与 print 类似的方法，您可以在其中提供文件句柄:

In the interest of completeness, the traceback module leverages a similar approach as print, where you can supply a file handle:

import traceback
import sys

with open('error.txt', 'a') as fh:
    try:
        raise ValueError("Some error occurred")
    except ValueError as e:
        e_type, e_val, e_tb = sys.exc_info()
        traceback.print_exception(e_type, e_val, e_tb, file=fh)

这将包括您希望从 logging

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