如何在Ruby中将字符串转换为字节? [英] How to convert string to bytes in Ruby?

问题描述

如何扩展 String 类，并附加一个名为 to_bytes 的方法?

How do I extend the String class, and attach a method named to_bytes?

推荐答案

Ruby 已经有一个 String#each_byte 方法，它的别名为 String#bytes.

Ruby already has a String#each_byte method which is aliased to String#bytes.

在 Ruby 1.9 之前，字符串等同于字节数组，即假设一个字符是单个字节.这适用于 ASCII 文本和各种文本编码，例如 Win-1252 和 ISO-8859-1 但在 Unicode，我们在网络上越来越多地看到它.Ruby 1.9+ 支持 Unicode，字符串不再被视为由字节组成，而是由字符组成，字符可以是多个字节.

Prior to Ruby 1.9 strings were equivalent to byte arrays, i.e. a character was assumed to be a single byte. That's fine for ASCII text and various text encodings like Win-1252 and ISO-8859-1 but fails badly with Unicode, which we see more and more often on the web. Ruby 1.9+ is Unicode aware, and strings are no longer considered to be made up of bytes, but instead consist of characters, which can be multiple bytes long.

因此，如果您尝试将文本作为单个字节进行操作，则需要确保您的输入是 ASCII，或者至少是基于单字节的字符集.如果您可能有多字节字符，您应该使用 String#each_char 或 String.split(//) 或 String.unpack 和 <代码>U 标志.

So, if you are trying to manipulate text as single bytes, you'll need to ensure your input is ASCII, or at least a single-byte-based character set. If you might have multi-byte characters you should use String#each_char or String.split(//) or String.unpack with the U flag.

String.split(//)

// 与使用 '' 相同.要么告诉 split 返回字符.您通常也可以使用 chars.

// is the same as using ''. Either tells split to return characters. You can also usually use chars.

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