如何使用替换距离比较两个字符串以查找 R 中匹配的字符数? [英] How can I compare two strings to find the number of characters that match in R, using substitution distance?

问题描述

在 R 中，我有两个字符向量，a 和 b.

In R, I have two character vectors, a and b.

a <- c("abcdefg", "hijklmnop", "qrstuvwxyz")
b <- c("abXdeXg", "hiXklXnoX", "Xrstuvwxyz")

我想要一个函数来计算 a 的每个元素和 b 的相应元素之间的字符不匹配.使用上面的例子，这样的函数应该返回 c(2,3,1).无需对齐字符串.我需要逐个字符地比较每对字符串并计算每对中的匹配和/或不匹配.R 中有这样的函数吗?

I want a function that counts the character mismatches between each element of a and the corresponding element of b. Using the example above, such a function should return c(2,3,1). There is no need to align the strings. I need to compare each pair of strings character-by-character and count matches and/or mismatches in each pair. Does any such function exist in R?

或者，换一种方式问这个问题，是否有一个函数可以给我两个字符串之间的编辑距离，其中唯一允许的操作是替换(忽略插入或删除)?

Or, to ask the question in another way, is there a function to give me the edit distance between two strings, where the only allowed operation is substitution (ignore insertions or deletions)?

推荐答案

使用一些 mapply 的乐趣:

mapply(function(x,y) sum(x!=y),strsplit(a,""),strsplit(b,""))
#[1] 2 3 1

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