在vim中突出显示不匹配的括号 [英] Highlighting unmatched brackets in vim

问题描述

在 vim 中编写 python 代码时，我被不匹配的括号反复烧毁.我喜欢它们对 C 代码的处理方式——vim 用红色突出显示了所有跟在不匹配括号后面的花括号.我简要地查看了 c.vim 语法文件以试图理解它，但是处理括号错误的部分非常复杂.谁能解释该代码的工作原理并建议我如何为 python 代码编写类似的代码?

I'm getting burned repeatedly by unmatched parentheses while writing python code in vim. I like how they're handled for C code - vim highlights in red all of the curly braces following the unmatched paren. I looked at the c.vim syntax file briefly to try to understand it, but the section that handles bracket errors is very complex. Can anyone explain how that code works and suggest how I might write something similar for python code?

具有不匹配括号的示例 C 代码:

Example C code with unmatched parens:

int main(void
{  /* brace highlighted in red */
}  /* brace highlighted in red */

由于 python 代码没有花括号来突出显示，我们将不得不选择其他东西(可能是其他括号).

Since python code doesn't have curly braces to highlight, we'll have to choose something else (perhaps other parentheses).

顺便说一句，我尝试了 这个 vim 插件，但我没有对这种行为不满意.

BTW, I tried out this vim plugin but I wasn't happy with the behavior.

我正在使用 python 生成 C++ 代码(一种喜欢括号和分号的语言).我有一个讨厌的习惯，就是在 file.write() 方法调用中去掉尾随括号.如果我能让 vim 使这个错误在视觉上更明显，那就太好了.

I'm using python to generate C++ code (a language that likes parentheses and semicolons). I have a nasty habit of leaving the trailing paren off a file.write() method call. It would be nice if I could get vim to make that mistake more visually obvious.

更新:

好的，这是我目前尝试过的.

Ok, here's what I've tried so far.

:syn region pParen transparent start="(" end=")" contains=ALL
:syn match pError display ")"
:hi def link pError Error

不幸的是，这一切所做的只是将所有平衡括号的右括号突出显示为错误，这与我想要做的相反.我真的不明白我在这里做什么(只是从现有的 C 语法文件中复制出来的).如果有人能解释我做了什么(错误)，我将不胜感激.

Unfortunately, all this does is highlight as an error the right paren of all balanced parentheses, the opposite of what I want to do. I really don't understand what I'm doing here (just copied off of the existing C syntax file). If anyone could explain what I did (wrong), I would appreciate it.

推荐答案

如果我理解正确，并且您正在尝试查看 C 代码(在 Python 中生成)中的非匹配括号，我建议您安装 Rainbow.vim 来自 奇普博士的网站.这将根据缩进级别以不同颜色突出显示大括号，并根据您的要求以红色突出显示不匹配的大括号.屏幕截图 http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/8586/rainbow.jpg http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/8586/rainbow.jpg

If I understand correctly and you are trying to look at non-matching parenthesis in C code (that was generated in python), I would recommend you install rainbow.vim from Dr Chip's Site. This will highlight braces in different colours depending on the levels of indentation and will highlight unmatching braces in red as you have requested. A screenshot http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/8586/rainbow.jpg http://img294.imageshack.us/img294/8586/rainbow.jpg

要安装，下载 rainbow.vim 并放置在 vimfiles/after/syntax/c/(如果不是，请创建此目录存在).

To install, download rainbow.vim and place in vimfiles/after/syntax/c/ (create this directory if it is not present).

在 Linux 上，这将是 ~/.vim/after/syntax/c/rainbow.vim

On Linux, this will be ~/.vim/after/syntax/c/rainbow.vim

在 Windows 上，它可能是 c:\vim\vimfiles\after\syntax\c\rainbow.vim 或其他地方，请参阅 :help runtimepath.

On Windows, it may be c:\vim\vimfiles\after\syntax\c\rainbow.vim or possibly somewhere else, see :help runtimepath.

注意有一些插件和rainbow.vim有冲突，但是让它们配合起来并不难.

Note that there are some plugins that conflict with rainbow.vim, but it's not too hard to make them co-operate.

如果你想在 python 代码中突出显示不匹配的括号，你可以修改 Rainbow.vim 来使用 python 语法簇而不是 C 语法簇，但这有点复杂，但你可以使用一些东西(奇普博士彩虹代码的修改版本)的行:

If you are trying to highlight non-matching parenthesis in the python code, you could modify rainbow.vim to use the python syntax clusters instead of the C ones, but this is a little more involved, but you could use something along the lines of (modified version of Dr Chip's rainbow code):

syn cluster pyParenGroup contains=pythonString,pythonRawString,pythonEscape,pythonNumber,pythonBuiltin,pythonException
syn match pyParenError display ')'
syn region  pyParen     transparent matchgroup=hlLevel0 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen1
syn region  pyParen1        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel1 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen2
syn region  pyParen2        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel2 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen3
syn region  pyParen3        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel3 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen4
syn region  pyParen4        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel4 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen5
syn region  pyParen5        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel5 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen6
syn region  pyParen6        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel6 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen7
syn region  pyParen7        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel7 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen8
syn region  pyParen8        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel8 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen9
syn region  pyParen9        transparent matchgroup=hlLevel9 start='(' end=')' contains=@pyParenGroup,pyParen
hi link pyParenError Error

if &bg == "dark"
    hi default   hlLevel0 ctermfg=red         guifg=red1
    hi default   hlLevel1 ctermfg=yellow      guifg=orange1      
    hi default   hlLevel2 ctermfg=green       guifg=yellow1      
    hi default   hlLevel3 ctermfg=cyan        guifg=greenyellow  
    hi default   hlLevel4 ctermfg=magenta     guifg=green1       
    hi default   hlLevel5 ctermfg=red         guifg=springgreen1 
    hi default   hlLevel6 ctermfg=yellow      guifg=cyan1        
    hi default   hlLevel7 ctermfg=green       guifg=slateblue1   
    hi default   hlLevel8 ctermfg=cyan        guifg=magenta1     
    hi default   hlLevel9 ctermfg=magenta     guifg=purple1
else
    hi default   hlLevel0 ctermfg=red         guifg=red3
    hi default   hlLevel1 ctermfg=darkyellow  guifg=orangered3
    hi default   hlLevel2 ctermfg=darkgreen   guifg=orange2
    hi default   hlLevel3 ctermfg=blue        guifg=yellow3
    hi default   hlLevel4 ctermfg=darkmagenta guifg=olivedrab4
    hi default   hlLevel5 ctermfg=red         guifg=green4
    hi default   hlLevel6 ctermfg=darkyellow  guifg=paleturquoise3
    hi default   hlLevel7 ctermfg=darkgreen   guifg=deepskyblue4
    hi default   hlLevel8 ctermfg=blue        guifg=darkslateblue
    hi default   hlLevel9 ctermfg=darkmagenta guifg=darkviolet
endif

作为测试，我从 ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/pc/(这些是 Vim 7.0 的 Windows 版本).我将这两个文件解压缩到一个新目录中，然后从 vim/vim70/gvim.exe 运行 gvim.exe.我没有在C:\Documents and Settings"中存储任何vim配置，所以运行这个vim与运行'vanilla'配置是一样的.然后我从 amk.ca/python/下载了 pyprint.pysimple/pyprint.html 作为一段示例代码，并将上面的代码复制到一个名为 code.vim 的文件中.在 gVim 中，我输入了 :e pyprint.py.它在白色背景窗口中打开，没有语法突出显示.然后我输入 :syntax on，它打开了默认的语法突出显示.我在第 8 行添加了第二个 ) 字符.最后，我输入了 :source code.vim，这使得第二个 ) 字符在红色.

As a test, I downloaded gvim70.zip and vim70rt.zip from ftp://ftp.vim.org/pub/vim/pc/ (these are the Windows versions of Vim 7.0). I unzipped the two files into a new directory and ran gvim.exe from vim/vim70/gvim.exe. I do not have any vim configuration stored in "C:\Documents and Settings", so running this vim is the same as running a 'vanilla' configuration. I then downloaded pyprint.py from amk.ca/python/simple/pyprint.html as a piece of sample code and copied the above code into a file called code.vim. In gVim, I entered :e pyprint.py. It opened in the white-background window, with no syntax highlighting. I then entered :syntax on, which switched the default syntax highlighting on. I added a second ) character on line 8. Finally, I entered :source code.vim, which made the second ) character be highlighted in red.

我也在 Linux(使用 Vim 7.2)上进行了这个测试，输入以下命令序列:

I've also carried out this test on Linux (with Vim 7.2), by entering the following command sequence:

cd ~
mv .vimrc old_dot_vimrc
mv .gvimrc old_dot_gvimrc
mv .vim old_dot_vim
vim pyprint.py
:e pyprint.py
" Add extra bracket here!
:syntax on
:source code.vim

同样，第二个括号突出显示，其他一切似乎正常.

Again, the second bracket is highlighted and everything else seems normal.

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