macOS tkinter:askopenfilename 的文件类型如何工作 [英] macOS tkinter: how does filetypes of askopenfilename work

问题描述

1. 无法在 Filter(见下图)中的 filetypes 之间切换，因为它们处于灰色模式，如果将 filetypes 设置如下

1. Can't switch amongst filetypes in the Filter(see picture below) since they are in grey mode, if set filetypes as below

filetypes = [ 
            ("Python File", "*.py"), 
            ("Image File", "*.bmp"),
            ("All Files", "*.*")
            ]

1. 虽然默认文件类型是 .py，我们也可以在窗口中选择 .bmp，因为 test.bmp 被突出显示.这意味着可以同时激活 filetypes、.py 和 .bmp.这种 Filter 行为正常吗?

1. Though the default filetype is .py we can also choose .bmp in the window since the test.bmp is highlighted. This means the filetypes, .py and .bmp, can be activated at the same time. Is this Filter behavior normal?

我期望的是我们可以从 filetypes 集中挑选出一种类型，并且这些选项应该是 互斥，即，如果选择 Python File(.py) 在 Filter 中，然后只有 .py 文件可以在窗口中选择.

What I expect is that we can single out one type from the set of filetypes and these options should be mutually exclusive, i.e., if select Python File (.py) in the Filter, then ONLY .py file will be available to choose in the window.

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import ttk
from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilename
# from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfile
# from tkinter.filedialog import askopenfilenames

filetypes = [ 
            ("Python File", "*.py"), 
            ("Image File", "*.bmp"),
            ("All Files", "*.*")
            ]

def OpenFile():
    p = askopenfilename(initialdir="../",
                           filetypes =filetypes,
                           title = "Choose a file.")
    print ("Path to File: \n", p)
    #Using try in case user types in unknown file 
    # or closes without choosing a file.
    # try:
    #     with open(p, 'r') as f:
    #         print("Content of File:\n", f.read())
    # except:
    #     print("Error!")

root = Tk()
root.title( "File Opener")
label = ttk.Label(root, 
                    text ="File Read Test!", 
                    foreground="red", 
                    font=("Helvetica", 16))
label.pack()

menu = Menu(root)
root.geometry("300x200")
root.config(menu=menu)

file = Menu(menu)
file.add_command(label = 'Open', command = OpenFile)
file.add_command(label = 'Exit', command = root.quit)
menu.add_cascade(label = 'File', menu = file)

root.mainloop()

更多示例

• 如果删除 ("All Files", "*.*") 会怎样?仍然无法在文件类型之间切换，并且 .py 和 .bmp 都处于活动状态.并且所有其他文件类型都超出了先前设置的范围.

more examples

• What if delete ("All Files", "*.*")? Still can not switch between file types and both .py and .bmp are active. And all other file types are out of scope the same as prveious settings.

filetypes = [ 
            ("Python File", "*.py"), 
            ("Image File", "*.bmp")]

• 只留下("All Files", "*.*").这正是我所期望的，*.* 终于生效了.
• Leave only ("All Files", "*.*"). This is what I expect and *.* finally comes to effect.

filetypes = [("All Files", "*.*")]

• macOS Catalina
• python 3.7.5
• Tk 版本 8.6

推荐答案

在我的系统上:

• macOS Mojave 10.4.6
• Python 3.8.0
• Tk 版本 8.6

我发现这个简单的解决方法让我得到了想要的行为:

I found this simple workaround got me the desired behavior:

filetypes = [ 
            ("All Files", "*.*"),
            ("Python File", "*.py"), 
            ("Image File", "*.bmp"),
            ]

也就是说，通过它最初提供所有文件"，然后在打开的对话框中切换到其他类型来适当地过滤文件.

That is, by having it come up with "All Files" initially, then switching to the other types in the open dialog filtered the files appropriately.

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