tkinter , python , 按钮 [英] tkinter , python , buttons

问题描述

当我想添加一个按钮时

b = Button(app_name,text="..." , command = any_function)

是否可以使用带有类似参数的函数

is it possible to use function with a parameter like

b = Button(app_name, text="..." , command = any_function(7))

我试过了

 (...)
 def cash(price):
        global total
        total.set(total.get() + price)

total = IntVar()
total.set(0)

b1 = Button(app,text = "one ",width = 10,command = cash(1))
b1.pack()
b2 = Button(app,text = "two ",width = 10,command = cash(10))
b2.pack()
b3 = Button(app,text = "three ",width = 10,command = cash(100))
b3.pack()
b4 = Button(app,text = "four ",width = 10,command = cash(1000))
b4.pack()

l_total = Label(app,textvariable = total)
l_total.pack()
(...)

但是 l_total 在程序运行时(1000+100+10+1)已经为 1111，就像我按下了四个按钮一样，而且按钮也没有向 l_total .我只想知道为什么它不起作用，因为我知道一个解决方案.

But l_total already as 1111 when the program run ( 1000+100+10+1) like I had pressed the four buttons and also the buttons doesnt add values to l_total . I just want to know why it doesnt work as I know a solution .

推荐答案

您所写的内容:

b = Button(app_name, text="..." , command = any_function(7))

...不是传递函数作为command，而是调用一个函数，然后传递它的结果 作为 command.

… isn't passing a function as the command, it's calling a function, then passing its result as the command.

您需要做的是定义一个新函数，该函数在不带参数的情况下调用时会调用any_function(7).像这样:

What you need to do is to define a new function that, when called with no arguments, calls any_function(7). Like this:

def any_function_7():
    return any_function(7)
b = Button(app_name, text="..." , command = any_function_7)

或者，使用较短的lambda 定义函数的语法:

Or, using the shorter lambda syntax for defining functions:

b = Button(app_name, text="..." , command = lambda: any_function(7))

将表达式包装在这样的函数中，然后传递该函数，是一种将函数推迟到以后执行的方法.可能很难理解，但一旦理解，它就会在所有地方都非常有用.

Wrapping an expression up in a function like this, then passing the function around, is a way of deferring the function until later. It can be hard to get your head around, but once you do, it's incredibly useful all over the place.

另一种看待它的方式是部分应用该功能，它为您提供了一个您可以在以后完成应用的东西.有一个 partial 函数在为您执行此操作的标准库:

Another way to look at it is partially applying the function, which gives you a thing that you can finish applying later on. There's a partial function in the standard library that does this for you:

from functools import partial
b = Button(app_name, text="..." , command = partial(any_function, 7))

但你也可以自己做:

def make_any_function_partial(i):
    def wrapped():
        return any_function(i)
    return wrapped
b = Button(app_name, text="..." , command = make_any_function_partial(7))

然后你可以看到这与使用 def 或 lambda 的技巧是一样的，再加上另一个技巧:它是一个返回一个功能.因此，虽然您可能正在调用 make_any_function_partial 并将其结果传递给 command，就像您最初的尝试一样，不同之处在于结果本身就是一个函数.

And then you can see how this is really just the same trick as using def or lambda, plus another trick on top of it: it's a function that returns a function. So, while you may be calling make_any_function_partial and passing its result to command, just as in your original attempt, the difference is that the result is itself a function.

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