函数缺少 2 个必需的位置参数:“x"和“y" [英] Function missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'

问题描述

我正在尝试编写一个绘制螺旋图的 Python 海龟程序，但我不断收到此错误:

回溯(最近一次调用最后一次):文件C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py"，第 36 行，在 <module> 中.主要的()文件C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py"，第 16 行，在主目录中螺旋图(R，r，p，x，y)文件C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py"，第 27 行，在螺旋图中螺旋图(p-1，x，y)类型错误:spirograph() 缺少 2 个必需的位置参数:x"和y">>>

这是代码:

from 海龟进口 *从数学导入 *定义主():p= int(input("输入 p"))R=100r=4t=2*pix= (R-r)*cos(t)-(r+p)*cos((R-r)/r*t)y= (R-r)*sin(t)-(r+p)*sin((R-r)/r*t)螺旋图(R，r，p，x，y)def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y):R=100r=4t=2*pix= (R-r)*cos(t)-(r+p)*cos((R-r)/r*t)y= (R-r)*sin(t)-(r+p)*sin((R-r)/r*t)而p＜100和p＞10:转到(x，y)螺旋图(p-1，x，y)如果p＜10或p＞100:打印(无效的 p 值，请输入 10 到 100 之间的值")输入(按回车相当")再见()主要的()

我知道这可能有一个简单的解决方案，但我真的不知道我做错了什么，这是我计算机科学 1 课上的一个练习，我不知道如何修复错误.

解决方案

回溯的最后一行告诉你问题出在哪里:

 File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 27, in spirographspirograph(p-1, x,y) # <--- 这是问题所在类型错误:spirograph() 缺少 2 个必需的位置参数:x"和y"

在您的代码中，spirograph() 函数接受 5 个参数:def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y)，它们是 R、r、p、x、y.在错误消息中突出显示的行中，您只传递了三个参数 p-1, x, y，由于这与函数预期的不匹配，Python 会引发错误.

我还注意到您覆盖了函数体中的一些参数:

def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y):R=100 # 这将抵消用户作为 `R` 传入的任何内容r=4 # `r` 的值在这里相同t=2*pi

以下是正在发生的事情的简单示例:

<预><代码>>>>定义示例(a，b，c=100):... a = 1 # 注意这里我指定了 'a'... b = 2 # 这里'b' 的值被覆盖... # c 的值默认设置为 100...打印(a，b，c)...>>>example(4,5) # 这里我为 a 传入 4，为 b 传入 5(1, 2, 100) # 但注意它没有任何效果>>>example(9,10,11) # 这里我传入的是 c 的值(1, 2, 11)

由于您始终希望将此值保留为默认值，因此您可以从函数的签名中删除这些参数:

def spirograph(p,x,y):# ... 其余的代码

或者，您可以给它们一些默认值:

def spirograph(p,x,y,R=100,r=4):# ... 其余的代码

由于这是一项分配，其余的由您决定.

I am trying to write a Python turtle program that draws a Spirograph and I keep getting this error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 36, in <module>
    main()
  File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 16, in main
    spirograph(R,r,p,x,y)
  File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 27, in spirograph
    spirograph(p-1, x,y)
TypeError: spirograph() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'
>>> 

This is the code:

from turtle import *
from math import *
def main():
    p= int(input("enter p"))
    R=100
    r=4
    t=2*pi
    x= (R-r)*cos(t)-(r+p)*cos((R-r)/r*t)
    y= (R-r)*sin(t)-(r+p)*sin((R-r)/r*t)
    spirograph(R,r,p,x,y)


def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y):
    R=100
    r=4
    t=2*pi
    x= (R-r)*cos(t)-(r+p)*cos((R-r)/r*t)
    y= (R-r)*sin(t)-(r+p)*sin((R-r)/r*t)
    while p<100 and p>10:
        goto(x,y)
        spirograph(p-1, x,y)

    if p<10 or p>100:
        print("invalid p value, enter value between 10 nd 100")

    input("hit enter to quite")
    bye()


main()

I know this maybe has a simple solution but I really can't figure out what I am doing wrong, this was an exercise in my computer science 1 class and I have no idea how to fix the error.

解决方案

The last line of the traceback tells you where the problem is:

  File "C:\Users\matt\Downloads\spirograph.py", line 27, in spirograph
    spirograph(p-1, x,y) # <--- this is the problem line
TypeError: spirograph() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'x' and 'y'

In your code, the spirograph() function takes 5 arguments: def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y), which are R, r, p, x, y. In the line highlighted in the error message, you are only passing in three arguments p-1, x, y, and since this doesn't match what the function is expecting, Python raises an error.

I also noticed that you are overwriting some of the arguments in the body of the function:

def spirograph(R,r,p,x,y):
    R=100 # this will cancel out whatever the user passes in as `R`
    r=4 # same here for the value of `r`
    t=2*pi

Here is a simple example of what is happening:

>>> def example(a, b, c=100):
...    a = 1  # notice here I am assigning 'a'
...    b = 2  # and here the value of 'b' is being overwritten
...    # The value of c is set to 100 by default
...    print(a,b,c)
...
>>> example(4,5)  # Here I am passing in 4 for a, and 5 for b
(1, 2, 100)  # but notice its not taking any effect
>>> example(9,10,11)  # Here I am passing in a value for c
(1, 2, 11)

Since you always want to keep this values as the default, you can either remove these arguments from your function's signature:

def spirograph(p,x,y):
    # ... the rest of your code

Or, you can give them some defaults:

def spirograph(p,x,y,R=100,r=4):
    # ... the rest of your code

As this is an assigment, the rest is up to you.

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