在指定其他类型时,如何让 TypeScript 推断受约束的泛型类型的值? [英] How can I have TypeScript infer the value for a constrained generic type when specifying additional types?
问题描述
在 TypeScript 中,我有一个接受带有约束的泛型参数的函数:
In TypeScript, I have a function that accepts a generic parameter with constraints:
function f1<U extends string>(param: U): U {
return param;
}
const a1 = f1('hello');
// a1's type is 'hello' -- Great!
现在,我正在尝试这样做,以便您可以选择添加另一种类型作为返回类型的一部分.但是,当我这样做时,我必须为 U 类型提供一个默认参数.这使得 TypeScript 停止推断 U 的值并使用我提供的默认类型:
Now, I'm trying to make it so you can optionally add another type as part of the return type. However, when I do so, I must supply a default parameter for the U type. This makes it so TypeScript stops inferring the value of U and uses the default type that I supply:
function f2<T = never, U extends string = string>(param: U): U | T {
return param;
}
const b1 = f2('hello');
// b1's type is 'hello' -- Great!
const b2 = f2<boolean>('hello');
// b2's type is string | boolean -- Terrible: I want the type to be 'hello' | boolean.
const b3 = f2<boolean, 'hello'>('hello');
// b3's type is 'hello' | boolean -- Poor: The type is correct but API is redundant.
所以我的问题是,有没有办法让 TypeScript 不断从参数推断类型?我不想为 U 提供默认类型,我总是希望 TypeScript 推断出该值.显示我想要的完整 API 的伪代码:
So my question is, is there a way I can have TypeScript keep inferring the type from the parameter? I don't want to supply a default type for U, I always want TypeScript to infer that value. Pseudo-code that shows full API how I'd like:
function f3<T = never, U extends string = infer>(param: U): U | T {
return param;
}
const c1 = f3('hello');
// c1's type is 'hello' -- Great!
const c2 = f3<boolean>('hello');
// c2's type is 'hello' | boolean -- Great!
推荐答案
很遗憾,这是不可能的.有一个 PR 使用 _
添加部分推理印记,但它已经有一段时间没有活动了.
Unfortunately this is not possible. There is a PR to add partial inference using the _
sigil, but it has been inactive for quite a while.
唯一的解决方案是使用函数柯里化来获得这种行为,虽然它并不理想:
The only solution is to use function currying to get this behavior, although it is not ideal:
function f2<T = never>() {
return function <U extends string = string>(param: U): U | T {
return param;
}
}
const b2 = f2<boolean>()('hello');
// b2's type is string | 'hello'
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