从一个制表符分隔的文件替换数组元素与哈希值从使用Perl另一个文件 [英] Substituting array elements from one tab delimited file with hash values from another file using Perl
问题描述
我想在与它们对应的散列值的数组代替每个元素。为了更清楚:我有两个文件1)ref.tab 2)data.tab。
参考文件中包含类似数据:
A一
b b
C C
D D
数据文件包含类似数据:
1苹果红
2桔桔乙
3葡萄黑色C
4猕猴桃绿色ð
我想什么现在要做的使用Perl是:从ref.tab相应的值替代值的所有实例data.tab第4栏
我的code是如下:
#!的/ usr / bin中/ perl的
使用严格的;
使用警告;
使用诊断;#定义文件,其中包含的参考值:
开放DFILE,ref.tab'或死亡无法打开数据文件;#存储每一列到数组:
我@caps;
我@small;
而(小于DFILE&GT){
我@tmp =分流/ \\吨/年;
推@帽,$ TMP [0];
推@小,$ TMP [1];
}
打印加入('',@caps),\\ n;
打印加入('',@small),\\ n;#单独的阵列转换成散列:
我的%replaceid;
@replaceid {} @caps = @small;打印$ _ $ {replaceid $ _} \\ n表示(键%replaceid);#定义在列值将被替换的文件:
开放SFILE,output.tab'或死亡无法打开源文件;#在存储阵列所需的列:
我@ COL4;
而(小于SFILE&GT){
我@ TMP1 =分流/ \\吨/年;
推@ COL4,$ TMP1 [4];
}为$ _(0 .. $#COL4){
如果($ _ = $键replaceid [$ COL4 [$ _]]){
〜S / $ _ /值$ replaceid [$ COL4 [$ _] /克;
}
}
打印@ COL4
关闭(DFILE);
关闭(SFILE);
出口;
以上程序会导致这个错误:
未初始化值$ TMP1使用[3]中加入或replace.pl线4串。
如何解决?
新问题:
现在另一个问题。我想离开这个领域的空白,如果没有相应的替代品。这是如何任何想法可以这样做?即,
ref.tab
A一
b b
C C
D D
量F f
data.tab:
1苹果红
2桔桔乙
3葡萄黑色C
4猕猴桃绿色ð
5瓜黄色Ë
6香橼绿˚F
所需的输出:
1苹果红
2桔桔b
3葡萄黑色C
4猕猴桃绿色ð
5瓜黄色
6香橼绿˚F
我怎样才能做到这一点?
新问题,2
我现在的 AWK 的解决方案有另外一个问题。它离开该字段为空,如果没有比赛,但我有4后附加列;所以每当有没有找到匹配,在第五列中的值被转移到了第四列。
1苹果红甜美
2桔桔b酸味
3葡萄黑色C甜蜜
4绿色奇异果甜美Ð
5瓜甜黄
6香橼绿˚F酸
在第5行:在这里你可以看到发生了什么;在第5列中的值被转移到了第4列,其中有没有找到替代
Perl的解决方案:
使用严格的;
使用警告;#创建的文件句柄
打开我的$ REF,'<','ref.tab'或死亡$ !;
打开我的$ DATA,'<','data.tab'或死亡$ !;我的%replaceid;#初始化从REF文件您的HashMap
而(小于$ REF&GT){
我($ K,$ V)=分流/ \\ s + /;
$ replaceid {$ķ} = $ V;
}#读取数据文件
而(小于$ DATA>){
我@tmp =分流/ \\ s + /;
接下来,除非存在$ replaceid {$ TMP [3]}; #如果4 FLD存在于哈希
$ TMP [3] = $ replaceid {$ TMP [3]}或下; #替换您当前使用的哈希值线
打印连接(\\ t的,@tmp),\\ n; #打印您的当前行
}关闭$ REF;
接近$ DATA;
AWK解决方案:
的awk'NR == FNR {a [$ 1] = $ 2;接下来} {$ 4 =(A [$ 4])一[$ 4]:} 1'OFS = \\ t的ref.tab data.tab
- 我们完全读取ref.tab文件,并在有作为密钥值列1和列2哈希加载它。
- 一旦ref.tab文件被读取,我们搬到data.tab文件和散列值代替第4列。
I would like to substitute each element in an array with their corresponding hash values. To make it more clear: I have two files 1) ref.tab 2) data.tab. The reference file contains data like:
A a
B b
C c
D d
The data file contains data like:
1 apple red A
2 orange orange B
3 grapes black C
4 kiwi green D
What I would like to do now using Perl is: Substitute all instances of values in column 4 of data.tab with the corresponding values from ref.tab.
My code is as follows:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use diagnostics;
# Define file containing the reference values:
open DFILE, 'ref.tab' or die "Cannot open data file";
# Store each column to an array:
my @caps;
my @small;
while(<DFILE>) {
my @tmp = split/\t/;
push @caps,$tmp[0];
push @small,$tmp[1];
}
print join(' ', @caps),"\n";
print join(' ', @small),"\n";
# convert individual arrays to hashes:
my %replaceid;
@replaceid{@caps} = @small;
print "$_ $replaceid{$_}\n" for (keys %replaceid);
# Define the file in which column values are to be replaced:
open SFILE,'output.tab' or die "Cannot open source file";
# Store the required columns in an array:
my @col4;
while(<SFILE>) {
my @tmp1 = split/\t/;
push @col4,$tmp1[4];
}
for $_ (0..$#col4) {
if ($_ = keys $replaceid[$col4[$_]]){
~s/$_/values $replaceid[$col4[$_]]/g;
}
}
print "@col4";
close (DFILE);
close (SFILE);
exit;
The above program results in this error:
Use of uninitialized value $tmp1[3] in join or string at replace.pl line 4.
What is the solution?
New issue:
Another issue now. I would like to leave the field blank if there is no respective replacement. Any idea on how this could be done? That is,
ref.tab
A a
B b
C c
D d
F f
data.tab:
1 apple red A
2 orange orange B
3 grapes black C
4 kiwi green D
5 melon yellow E
6 citron green F
Desired output:
1 apple red a
2 orange orange b
3 grapes black c
4 kiwi green d
5 melon yellow
6 citron green f
How can I do this?
New issue, 2
I have another issue now with the AWK solution. It does leave the field blank if there is no match, but I have additional columns after the 4th; so whenever there is no match found, the value in the fifth column gets shifted to the fourth column.
1 apple red a sweet
2 orange orange b sour
3 grapes black c sweet
4 kiwi green d sweet
5 melon yellow sweet
6 citron green f sour
On line 5: Here you can notice what happens; the value in 5th column gets shifted to the 4th column where there is no replacement found.
Perl solution:
use strict;
use warnings;
# Create your filehandles
open my $REF , '<', 'ref.tab' or die $!;
open my $DATA, '<', 'data.tab' or die $!;
my %replaceid;
# Initialize your hashmap from ref file
while (<$REF>) {
my ($k, $v) = split /\s+/;
$replaceid{$k} = $v;
}
# Read the data file
while(<$DATA>) {
my @tmp = split /\s+/;
next unless exists $replaceid {$tmp[3]}; # If 4th fld exists in hash
$tmp[3] = $replaceid{$tmp[3]} or next; # Replace your current line with hash value
print join("\t", @tmp), "\n"; # Print your current line
}
close $REF;
close $DATA;
AWK solution:
awk 'NR==FNR{a[$1]=$2;next}{$4=(a[$4])?a[$4]:""}1' OFS="\t" ref.tab data.tab
- We read the ref.tab file completely and load it in a hash having column 1 as key and column 2 as value.
- Once the ref.tab file is read, we move to data.tab file and substitute the 4th column with hash value.
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