如何在 Python 中获取 XML 根元素的内容? [英] How to fetch content of XML root element in Python?

问题描述

我有一个 XML 文件，例如:

I have an XML file, e.g.:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
    First line. <br/> Second line.
</root>

作为我想得到的输出:'\n第一行.<br/>第二行.\n'我只想注意，如果根元素包含其他嵌套元素，它们应该按原样返回.

As an output I want to get: '\nFirst line. <br/> Second line.\n' I just want to notice, if the root element contains other nested elements, they should be returned as is.

推荐答案

我想出的第一个:

from xml.etree.ElementTree import fromstring, tostring

source = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root>
    First line.<br/>Second line.
</root>
'''

xml = fromstring(source)
result = tostring(xml).lstrip('<%s>' % xml.tag).rstrip('</%s>' % xml.tag)

print result

# output:
#
#   First line.<br/>Second line. 
#

但这并不是真正的通用方法，因为如果打开的根元素 () 包含任何属性，它就会失败.

But it's not truly general-purpose approach since it fails if opening root element (<root>) contains any attribute.

更新:这种方法还有另一个问题.由于 lstrip 和 rstrip 匹配给定字符的任意组合，您可能会遇到这样的问题:

UPDATE: This approach has another issue. Since lstrip and rstrip match any combination of given chars, you can face such problem:

# input:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><root><p>First line</p></root>

# result:
p>First line</p

如果你真的只需要开始和结束标签之间的文字字符串(如你在评论中提到的)，你可以使用这个:

If your really need only literal string between the opening and closing tags (as you mentioned in the comment), you can use this:

from string import index, rindex
from xml.etree.ElementTree import fromstring, tostring

source = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<root attr1="val1">
    First line.<br/>Second line.
</root>
'''

# following two lines are needed just to cut
# declaration, doctypes, etc.
xml = fromstring(source)
xml_str = tostring(xml)

start = index(xml_str, '>')
end = rindex(xml_str, '<')

result = xml_str[start + 1 : -(len(xml_str) - end)]

不是最优雅的方法，但与前一种方法不同，它可以正确处理开始标记中的属性以及任何有效的 xml 文档.

Not the most elegant approach, but unlike the previous one it works correctly with attributes within opening tag as well as with any valid xml document.

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