如何在 OS X Server 上部署 django 应用程序? [英] How does one deploy a django application on OS X Server?

问题描述

如何在 OS X Server 2.0 上部署 Django 应用程序而不使用自制软件或与 OS X 10.8.1 附带的不同风格的 Python?我在 Django 应用程序中使用可可绑定，但在我的台式机(运行 OS X 10.8.1)上使用自制软件时遇到了麻烦；因此请求在系统安装的 Python 版本上部署应用程序.

How would one deploy a Django application on OS X Server 2.0 without using homebrew or a different flavor of python than the one shipped with OS X 10.8.1? I'm using the cocoa bindings in a Django application and had trouble getting it to work with homebrew on my desktop machine (running OS X 10.8.1); hence the request to deploy the application on the system installed version of Python.

我有以下 OS X Server 环境，并且已经安装了以下内容:

I have the following OS X Server environment, with the following already installed:

• OS X 10.8.1
• OS X 服务器 2.0
• Python 2.7.2
• Apache 2.2.22

Django 1.4.1 是使用以下命令安装的:

Django 1.4.1 was installed using the following command:

sudo easy_install django

我的第一次尝试是部署一个空网站，一旦成功，就部署一个真正的应用程序以用于生产.该项目是使用以下命令在 /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/ 创建的

My first attempt is to deploy an empty website, and once that succeeds, deploy a real application to be used in production. The project was created at /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/ using the following command

django-admin.py startproject mysite

我使用以下命令运行了该应用程序.它只是确认应用程序已启动并正在运行.这是标准的它奏效了！"首次创建项目时的页面.

I ran the application using the following command. It simply confirmed that the application was up and running. It is the standard "It worked!" page when you first created a project.

python manage.py runserver 8080

然后我创建了一个文件 /Library/Server/Web/Config/apache2/httpd_mysite.conf ，内容如下:

I then created a file /Library/Server/Web/Config/apache2/httpd_mysite.conf with the following content:

WSGIScriptAlias /mysite /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py

我进一步创建了一个文件 /Library/Server/Web/Config/apache2/webapps/com.example.mysite.wsgi.plist ，内容如下:

I further created a file /Library/Server/Web/Config/apache2/webapps/com.example.mysite.wsgi.plist with the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-7"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
        <key>name</key>
        <string>com.example.mysite.wsgi</string>
        <key>displayName</key>
        <string>Python "My Site" app</string>
        <key>launchKeys</key>
        <array/>
        <key>proxies</key>
        <dict/>
        <key>installationIndicatorFilePath</key>
        <string>/Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py</string>
        <key>includeFiles</key>
        <array>
                <string>/Library/Server/Web/Config/apache2/httpd_mysite.conf</string>
        </array>
        <key>requiredModuleNames</key>
        <array>
                <string>wsgi_module</string>
        </array>
</dict>
</plist>

文件 com.example.mysite.wsgi.plist 改编自 com.apple.webapp.wsgi.plist 和 httpd_mysite.conf 改编自 httpd_wsgi.conf.通过服务器管理器配置后，这两个文件都用于成功运行独立"python 应用程序.

The file com.example.mysite.wsgi.plist was adapted from com.apple.webapp.wsgi.plist and httpd_mysite.conf adapted from httpd_wsgi.conf. Both these files are used to run the "standalone" python application successfully when configured through the server manager.

然后我用服务器管理器创建了一个站点，确认我的应用程序在 Web 应用程序列表中.但是，当我访问 http://example.com/mysite 时，出现 500 错误.日志包含以下条目(出于隐私原因，IP 地址更改为 1.2.3.4):

I then created a site with the server manager, confirmed my application was in the list of web applications. However, when I visit http://example.com/mysite I get a 500 error. The logs has the following entries (IP addresses changed to 1.2.3.4 for privacy reasons):

[Sat Sep 01 21:49:17 2012] [warn] Init: Name-based SSL virtual hosts only work for clients with TLS server name indication support (RFC 4366)
[Sat Sep 01 21:49:17 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.22 (Unix) PHP/5.3.13 with Suhosin-Patch mod_wsgi/3.3 Python/2.7.2 mod_fastcgi/2.4.6 mod_ssl/2.2.22 OpenSSL/0.9.8r DAV/2 configured -- resuming normal operations
[Sat Sep 01 21:50:13 2012] [error] [client 1.2.3.4] (8)Exec format error: exec of '/Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py' failed
[Sat Sep 01 21:50:13 2012] [error] [client 1.2.3.4] Premature end of script headers: wsgi.py

似乎不是 WSGI 模块在处理请求，而是使用 FCGI 处理请求.但是，日志表明 mod_wsgi/3.3 已加载.

It doesn't seem that the WSGI module is handling the request, but instead, the request may be processed using FCGI. However, the log indicates that mod_wsgi/3.3 was loaded.

当我创建一个如下所示的标准 Python 应用程序时:

When I created a standard Python application that looks as follows:

def application(environ, start_response):
    status = '200 OK'
    output = 'Hello World!'

    response_headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain'),
                        ('Content-Length', str(len(output)))]
    start_response(status, response_headers)

    return [output]

并更新文件以指向 /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/helloworld.wsgi 而不是 /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py 然后显示Hello World".因此，我假设 wsgi 已正确配置并且能够执行应用程序，并且我的设置存在其他问题.

And update the files to point to /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/helloworld.wsgi rather than /Library/Server/Web/Data/WebApps/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py then "Hello World" is displayed. I therefore assume that wsgi is correctly configured and able to execute applications and that something else is wrong with my setup.

推荐答案

某些带有发行版的 Apache 配置将 .py 映射到 CGI 或 FASTCGI，这将与 mod_wsgi 冲突.这就是 mod_wsgi 推荐使用 .wsgi 扩展名的原因.因此，将wsgi.py"重命名为site.wsgi"，然后在 WSGIScriptAlias 中使用site.wsgi".

Some Apache configurations with distros map .py to either CGI or FASTCGI and this will conflict with mod_wsgi. This is why mod_wsgi recommends using a .wsgi extension. So, rename 'wsgi.py' to 'site.wsgi' and then use 'site.wsgi' in the WSGIScriptAlias.

顺便说一句，你能确认一下 Mountain Lion 服务器附带了一个预编译的 mod_wsgi.so.

BTW, can you confirm that there is a precompiled mod_wsgi.so shipped with Mountain Lion server.

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