将函数应用于 data.frame 的每一列并组织输出 [英] Apply a function to each column of a data.frame and organize the output
问题描述
我有这个向量:
x <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11)
我使用这个功能:
myfunction <- function(x){n <- 长度(x)fx <- 数字(n)fx[1] <- min(x[1],0)for(i in 2:n){fx[i] <- min(0,fx[i-1]+x[i])}外汇x_min <-min(x)fx_min <- min(fx)fx_05 <- 数字(n)fx_05[1] <- min(fx[1],0)for (i in 2:n) {如果(总和(fx_05[i-1]+x[i])>0){fx_05[i] <- 0} else if ((sum(fx_05[i-1]+x[i]))<(fx_min*0.5)) {fx_05[i] <- (fx_min*0.5)} else { fx_05[i] <- sum(fx_05[i-1]+x[i]) }}FX_05as.data.frame(矩阵(c(x,fx_05),ncol = 2))}xx <- 我的函数(x)
数据帧xx
是
V1 V21 5 0.02 2 0.03 -4 -4.04 -6 -8.55 -2 -8.s6 1 -7.57 4 -3.58 2 -1.59 -3 -4.510 -6 -8.511 -1 -8.512 8 -0.513 9 0.014 5 0.015 -6 -6.016 -11 -8.5`
我想将此函数应用于 data.frame :
df <- data.frame(x <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11),y <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11),z <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11))
使用:
输出 <- myfunction(df)
它不起作用,并且使用:
输出 <- data.frame(sapply(df, myfunction))
data.frame 输出的形式不正确.data.frame 的每个原始列应该是 2 列.
在这种情况下,您希望使用 lapply
.它将处理 data.frame 的每一列,因为它实际上是一个等长向量的列表,并且每列返回一个两列的 data.frame.
x <- lapply(df, myfunction)
此外,sapply
工作得很好.唯一的区别是它在开始时看起来不同.有关所有解决方案之间的差异,请参阅 print(x)
.
x <- sapply(df, myfunction)
之后您可能希望再次将它们从列表中组合到一个 data.frame 中.你可以用 do.call
df2 <- do.call(cbind, x)
这会弄乱列名.您可以使用 names
names(df2) <- NULLdf2# 1 5 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0# 2 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0# 3 -4 -4.0 -4 -4.0 -4 -4.0# 4 -6 -8.5 -6 -8.5 -6 -8.5# ....
旁注:
如果您没有 data.frame 而是一个矩阵作为输入,另一个选项是 apply
和 MARGIN = 2
.
x <- apply(df, MARGIN = 2, myfunction)
虽然在这个例子中,它也能工作,但当你的向量有不同的数据类型时你会遇到麻烦,因为它在应用函数之前将 data.frame 转换为矩阵.因此不推荐.有关更多信息,请参阅这篇详细且易于理解的帖子!
进一步阅读:
Hadley Wickham 的高级 R.另请查看此站点上有关数据类型的部分.
Peter Werner 的博文><小时>
我非常感谢 @Gregor 对这篇文章的贡献.
I have this vector:
x <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11)
I use this function:
myfunction <- function(x){
n <- length(x)
fx <- numeric(n)
fx[1] <- min(x[1],0)
for(i in 2:n){fx[i] <- min(0,fx[i-1]+x[i])}
fx
x_min <-min(x)
fx_min <- min(fx)
fx_05 <- numeric(n)
fx_05[1] <- min(fx[1],0)
for (i in 2:n) {
if (sum(fx_05[i-1]+x[i])>0) {
fx_05[i] <- 0
} else if ((sum(fx_05[i-1]+x[i]))<(fx_min*0.5)) {
fx_05[i] <- (fx_min*0.5)
} else { fx_05[i] <- sum(fx_05[i-1]+x[i]) }
}
fx_05
as.data.frame(matrix(c(x, fx_05), ncol = 2 ))
}
xx <- myfunction(x)
The dataframe xx
is
V1 V2
1 5 0.0
2 2 0.0
3 -4 -4.0
4 -6 -8.5
5 -2 -8.s
6 1 -7.5
7 4 -3.5
8 2 -1.5
9 -3 -4.5
10 -6 -8.5
11 -1 -8.5
12 8 -0.5
13 9 0.0
14 5 0.0
15 -6 -6.0
16 -11 -8.5`
I would like to apply this function to a data.frame :
df <- data.frame(x <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11),
y <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11),
z <- c(5,2,-4,-6,-2,1,4,2,-3,-6,-1,8,9,5,-6,-11))
Using:
output <- myfunction(df)
It doesn't work, and using:
outputs <- data.frame(sapply(df, myfunction))
the form of the data.frame output is not correct. It should be 2 columns for each original column of the data.frame.
In this case, you would like to use lapply
. It will handle each column of the data.frame, as it actually is a list of equal-length vectors, and return a two column data.frame each.
x <- lapply(df, myfunction)
Also, sapply
works just fine. The only difference is that it looks different at the beginning. See print(x)
for the difference between all solutions.
x <- sapply(df, myfunction)
Afterwards you probably want to combine them from a list to a data.frame again. You can do this with do.call
df2 <- do.call(cbind, x)
This will mess up the column names. You can change these using names
names(df2) <- NULL
df2
# 1 5 0.0 5 0.0 5 0.0
# 2 2 0.0 2 0.0 2 0.0
# 3 -4 -4.0 -4 -4.0 -4 -4.0
# 4 -6 -8.5 -6 -8.5 -6 -8.5
# ....
Side Note:
If you don't have a data.frame but a matrix as input, another option would be apply
with the with MARGIN = 2
.
x <- apply(df, MARGIN = 2, myfunction)
Although in this example, it works as well, you will run into trouble when having differing data types across your vectors as it converts the data.frame to a matrix before applying the function. Therefore it is not recommended. More info on that can be found in this detailed and easy-to-understand post!
Further reading on this:
Hadley Wickham's Advanced R. Also check out the section on data types on this site.
Peter Werner's blog post
I greatly appreciate the input of @Gregor on this post.
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