带有字符串索引的 Python 数组 [英] Python Array with String Indices

问题描述

是否可以在python中使用字符串作为数组中的索引?

Is it possible to use strings as indices in an array in python?

例如:

myArray = []
myArray["john"] = "johns value"
myArray["jeff"] = "jeffs value"
print myArray["john"]

推荐答案

你想要的是一个关联数组.在 Python 中，这些被称为 dictionaries.

What you want is called an associative array. In python these are called dictionaries.

字典有时在其他语言中被称为关联存储器"或关联数组".与由一系列数字索引的序列不同，字典由键索引，键可以是任何不可变类型；字符串和数字始终可以是键.

Dictionaries are sometimes found in other languages as "associative memories" or "associative arrays". Unlike sequences, which are indexed by a range of numbers, dictionaries are indexed by keys, which can be any immutable type; strings and numbers can always be keys.

myDict = {}
myDict["john"] = "johns value"
myDict["jeff"] = "jeffs value"

创建上述字典的另一种方法:

Alternative way to create the above dict:

myDict = {"john": "johns value", "jeff": "jeffs value"}

访问值:

print(myDict["jeff"]) # => "jeffs value"

获取密钥(在 Python v2 中):

Getting the keys (in Python v2):

print(myDict.keys()) # => ["john", "jeff"]

在 Python 3 中，您将获得一个 dict_keys，它是一个视图并且效率更高(请参阅 查看文档 和 PEP 3106 了解详情).

In Python 3, you'll get a dict_keys, which is a view and a bit more efficient (see views docs and PEP 3106 for details).

print(myDict.keys()) # => dict_keys(['john', 'jeff']) 

<小时>

如果你想了解 Python 字典的内部结构，我推荐这个约 25 分钟的视频演示:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68.它被称为强大的词典".

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If you want to learn about python dictionary internals, I recommend this ~25 min video presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C4Kc8xzcA68. It's called the "The Mighty Dictionary".

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