在 DirectX 11 中渲染精灵的最佳实践是什么? [英] What is the best practice to render sprites in DirectX 11?

问题描述

我目前正在尝试习惯 DirectX API，我想知道在 DirectX 11 中渲染精灵的常用方法是什么(例如用于俄罗斯方块克隆).

I am currently trying to get used to the DirectX API and I am wondering what is the usual approach to render a sprite in DirectX 11 (e.g. for a tetris clone).

是否有与 ID3DX10Sprite 类似的界面，如果没有，在 DirectX 11 中绘制精灵的常用方法是什么?

Is there a simmilar interface as ID3DX10Sprite, and if not, which would be the usual method to draw sprites in DirectX 11?

这是对我有用的 HLSL 代码(投影坐标的计算可以做得更好):

Here is the HLSL code that worked for me (the computation of the projection coordinate could be done better):

struct SpriteData
{
    float2 position;
    float2 size;
    float4 color;
};

struct VSOut
{
    float4 position : SV_POSITION;
    float4 color : COLOR;
};

cbuffer ScreenSize : register(b0)
{
    float2 screenSize;
    float2 padding; // cbuffer must have at least 16 bytes
}

StructuredBuffer<SpriteData> spriteData : register(t0);

float2 GetVertexPosition(uint VID)
{
    [branch] switch(VID)
    {
        case 0:
            return float2(0, 0); 
        case 1:
            return float2(1, 0); 
        case 2:
            return float2(0, 1); 
        default:
            return float2(1, 1);
    }
}

float4 ComputePosition(float2 positionInScreenSpace, float2 size, float2 vertexPosition)
{
    float2 origin = float2(-1, 1);
    float2 vertexPositionInScreenSpace = positionInScreenSpace + (size * vertexPosition);

    return float4(origin.x + (vertexPositionInScreenSpace.x / (screenSize.x / 2)), origin.y - (vertexPositionInScreenSpace.y / (screenSize.y / 2)), 1, 1);
}

VSOut VShader(uint VID : SV_VertexID, uint SIID : SV_InstanceID)
{
    VSOut output;

    output.color = spriteData[SIID].color;
    output.position = ComputePosition(spriteData[SIID].position, spriteData[SIID].size, GetVertexPosition(VID));

    return output;
}

float4 PShader(float4 position : SV_POSITION, float4 color : COLOR) : SV_TARGET
{
    return color;
}

推荐答案

不，没有等价物.通常的方法是绘制一个三角形条形成一个四边形.

No there isn't an equivalent. Usual method would be to draw a triangle strip forming a quad.

您可以使用实例化，因此您只需要使用精灵数据(x、y 屏幕位置(以像素为单位)、要在纹理数组中获取的纹理 ID、缩放、旋转、图层等)更新缓冲区，然后使用着色器在一次绘制调用中渲染所有精灵.

You could make use of instancing, so you just have to update a buffer with sprite data (x, y screen position in pixels, id of the texture to fetch in a texture array, scaling, rotation, layer, etc) and use shaders for rendering all sprites in one single draw call.

这是我脑中浮现的一些 HLSL 花絮:

Here's some HLSL tidbits off the top of my head:

//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Shader code for Sprite Rendering
//--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct Sprite {
    float2 position; // x, y world position
    float rotation;
    float scaling;

    float layer; // if you have multiple layers of sprites (e.g. background sprites)
    uint textureId;
};

StructuredBuffer<Sprite> SpritesRO : register( t0 );
Texture2DArray<float4> TextureSlices : register (t1);

cbuffer cbRenderConstants : register( b0 )
{
    matrix g_mViewProjection;
    // other constants
};

struct VSSpriteOut
{
    float3 position : SV_Position;
    uint textureId;
};

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------            
// Sprite Vertex Shader
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VSSpriteOut SpriteVS(uint VID : SV_VertexID, uint SIID : SV_InstanceID)
{
    VSSpriteOut Out = (VSSpriteOut)0;

    // VID is either 0, 1, 2 or 3
    // We can map 0 to position (0,0), 1 to (0,1), 2 to (1,0), 3 to (1,1)

    // We fetch the sprite instance data accord SIID
    Sprite sdata = SpritesRO[SIID];

    // function f computes screen space vertex position
    float3 pos = f (g_mViewProjection, VID, position, rotation, scaling, layer etc)

    Out.position = pos;
    Out.textureId = sdata.textureId;

    return Out;
}

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Sprite Pixel Shader
//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

float4 SpritePS(VSSpriteOut In) : SV_Target
{
    // use In.textureId to fetch the right texture slice in texture array
    return color;
}

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