在 Ada 中实现具有访问类型的抽象函数 [英] Implementing an abstract function with access types in Ada

问题描述

我有一个名为 Statements 的包，其中包含一个名为 Statement 的抽象类型和一个名为 execute() 的抽象函数.在另一个包中，我有一个 CompoundStatement 类型，它是一个 Statement 类型，它实现了 execute() 函数.

I have a package called Statements with an abstract type called Statement and an abstract function called execute(). In another package I have a type CompoundStatement which is a type Statement and it implements the execute() function.

我有一个名为 createStatement() 的函数.它的目的是评估 Unbounded_String 类型的标记并确定它包含的关键字.然后根据这个关键字生成一个基于这个关键字的访问类型.

I have a function called createStatement(). It's purpose is to evaluate a token of type Unbounded_String and determine what keyword it contains. Then based on this keyword it will generate an access type based on this keyword.

到目前为止一切顺利.

但是我不知道该怎么做是调用正确的执行方法.我现在只有一个关键字编码，因为它还没有工作.

But what I can't figure out how to do is call the correct execute method. I only have one keyword coded in right now because it's not working yet.

对不起，如果我的描述听起来很复杂.

Sorry if my description sounds convoluted.

package Statements is

   type Statement is abstract tagged private;
   type Statement_Access is access all Statement'Class;

   function execute(skip: in Boolean; T: in TokenHandler; S: in Statement) return Integer is abstract;

private
   type Statement is abstract tagged
      record
         tokens: Vector;
      end record;

end Statements;

<小时>

   procedure createStatement(T : in TokenHandler; stmt: out Statement_Access) is
      currenttoken : Unbounded_String;
      C            : CompoundStatement;

   begin
      currenttoken := To_Unbounded_String(TokenHandlers.getCurrentToken(T));
      if currenttoken = "begin" then
         createCompoundStatement(T, C);
         stmt := new CompoundStatement;
         stmt.all := Statement'Class(C);
      end if;
   end createStatement;

   procedure createCompoundStatement(T : in TokenHandler; C: out CompoundStatement) is
   begin
      C.tokens := T.tokens;
   end createCompoundStatement;

<小时>

   function execute(skip: in Boolean; T: in TokenHandler; C: in CompoundStatement) return Integer is
      TK: TokenHandler := T;
      stmt: Statement_Access;
      tokensexecuted: Integer;
      currenttoken : Unbounded_String;
   begin
      TokenHandlers.match("begin", TK);
      currenttoken := To_Unbounded_String(TokenHandlers.getCurrentToken(TK));
      while(currenttoken /= "end") loop
         Put(To_String(currenttoken));
         createStatement(T, stmt);
         tokensexecuted := execute(skip, TK, stmt);  //ERROR OCCURS HERE
         TokenHandlers.moveAhead(tokensexecuted, TK);
         currenttoken := To_Unbounded_String(TokenHandlers.getCurrentToken(TK));
      end loop;
      TokenHandlers.match("end", TK);
      return TokenHandlers.resetTokens(TK);      
   end execute;

我在编译时遇到这个错误:

I get this error when I compile:

statements-statementhandlers.adb:35:28: no candidate interpretations match the actuals:
statements-statementhandlers.adb:35:46: expected type "CompoundStatement" defined at statements-statementhandlers.ads:14
statements-statementhandlers.adb:35:46: found type "Statement_Access" defined at statements.ads:6
statements-statementhandlers.adb:35:46:   ==> in call to "execute" at statements-statementhandlers.ads:10
statements-statementhandlers.adb:35:46:   ==> in call to "execute" at statements.ads:8

推荐答案

execute 的第三个参数应该是 Statement 的(子代)，但是你'已经给了它一个指向Statement的(子代)的指针.你可能想要

The third parameter to execute is expected to be a (child of) Statement, but what you’ve given it is a pointer to a (child of) Statement. You probably want

tokensexecuted := execute(skip, TK, stmt.all);

顺便说一句，通常最好将调度参数放在第一位；然后你可以(在 Ada 2005 中)说

As a matter of style, by the way, it’s usually best to make the dispatching parameter the first; you could then (in Ada 2005) say

tokensexecuted := stmt.execute(skip, TK);

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