如何对 asp.net mvc 4 web api 进行基于角色的授权 [英] How to do role based authorization for asp.net mvc 4 web api
本文介绍了如何对 asp.net mvc 4 web api 进行基于角色的授权的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我正在尝试制作一个安全的 asp.net web api.为此，我已按照以下链接
I am trying to make a secure asp.net web api. For that I have followed the below link
所以现在每个 api 请求都需要一个令牌，我在请求标头中提供该令牌，例如
So now each and every api request needs a token which I am supplying in the request header as below for example
public class TestController : Controller
{
public string GetProducts()
{
Uri myUri = new Uri("http://localhost:420420/api/products");
WebRequest myWebRequest = WebRequest.Create(myUri);
myWebRequest.Method = "GET";
myWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
myWebRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization-Token", RSAClass.accessToken);
using (WebResponse response = myWebRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream);
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
}
所以我现在可以发出每个 api 请求，检查标头中的令牌.但是我如何完成授权，我的意思是我怎么能不允许这个令牌不能访问同一个控制器中的某些操作.我只需要一个想法.希望我解释得足够好.
So I am now able to make each and every api request, check for a token in the header. But how do I accomplish authorization, I mean how can I not allow this token not access some actions in the same controller.I just need an idea.Hope I explained well enough.
public class TestController : Controller
{
public string GetProducts()
{
Uri myUri = new Uri("http://localhost:420420/api/products");
WebRequest myWebRequest = WebRequest.Create(myUri);
myWebRequest.Method = "GET";
myWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
myWebRequest.Headers.Add("Authorization-Token", RSAClass.accessToken);
**using (WebResponse response = myWebRequest.GetResponse())
{
using (var responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
{
var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream);
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}**
}
我正在使用 webrequest 向控制器内部的api"控制器发出请求(稍后我会将其更改为 HttpClient).在上面 ** ** 之间的代码中，我发现 myWebRequest.GetResponse()
I am making a request to the "api" controller, inside above controller, using webrequest(I will change it later to HttpClient). In the code between ** ** above I am getting 404 page not found for myWebRequest.GetResponse()
下面是我的 api 控制器
Below is my api controller
public class ProductsController : ApiController
{
TestModelContainer testModel = new TestModelContainer();
[Authorize(Roles="Users")]
public IEnumerable<Products> GetProducts()
{
IEnumerable<Products> products = (from prods in testModel.Products
select prods);
return products;
}
}
}
现在在委托处理程序中我有以下代码
Now in the delegating handler I have the following code
public class TokenValidationHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request,
CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
TestModelContainer testModel = new TestModelContainer();
var token = "";
try
{
if (request.Headers.Contains("Authorization-Token"))
{
token = request.Headers.GetValues("Authorization-Token").FirstOrDefault();
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
{
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
{
Content = new StringContent("Missing Authorization-Token")
};
});
}
}
else
{
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
{
Content = new StringContent("You need to include Authorization-Token " +
"header in your request")
};
});
}
var decryptedToken = RSAClass.Decrypt(token);
var foundUser = (from user in testModel.Users
where user.Name == decryptedToken
select user).Any();
if (!foundUser)
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.Forbidden)
{
Content = new StringContent("Unauthorized User")
};
});
var identity = new GenericIdentity(decryptedToken);
string[] roles = new string[] { "Users", "Testers" };
var principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, roles);
Thread.CurrentPrincipal = principal;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError)
{
Content = new StringContent("Error encountered while attempting to process authorization token")
};
});
}
return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
}
如果我从 api 控制器中删除 Authorize 属性，404 错误就不会出现，然后我就可以访问它了.
The 404 error doesnt rise if i remove the Authorize attribute from the api controller, and then I am able to access it.
更新(我也相信解决方案):
问题就这样解决了
我已按照 Darin Dimitrov
public class TestsController : Controller
{
public ActionResult GetProducts()
{
var productsUrl = Url.RouteUrl("DefaultApi", new { httproute = "", controller = "products" }, "http");
using (var client = new HttpClient())
{
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization-Token", RSAClass.accessToken);
var products = client
.GetAsync(productsUrl)
.Result;
if (products.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized)
{
return Content("Sorry you are not authorized to perform this operation");
}
var prods = products.Content
.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Products>>()
.Result;
return Json(prods, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
}
问题是我不知道如何调用 api，感谢 Darin 的大力支持(他也很快).
The issue was I didnt know how to make a call to the api, thanks to Darin for his great support(he was very quick too).
谢谢
推荐答案
您在 Global.asax 中注册处理程序:
You register the handler in Global.asax:
GlobalConfiguration
.Configuration
.MessageHandlers
.Add(new TokenValidationHandler());
然后用 [Authorize] 属性装饰需要授权的控制器/动作:
and then decorate controllers/actions that require authorization with the [Authorize] attribute:
public class MyController : ApiController
{
[Authorize]
public string Get(string id)
{
...
}
}
<小时>
对于基于角色的授权，您可以查看以下示例:https://stackoverflow.com/a/11536349/29407
它使用基于 SSL 的基本身份验证，并依赖于内置的成员资格和角色提供者.
It uses basic authentication over SSL and relies on the built-in membership and role providers.
更新:
根据留下的众多评论，我觉得我的答案不够清楚.让我详细说明一下.
According to the numerous comments left I get the impression that my answer was not clear enough. Let me elaborate.
- 使用空模板创建一个新的 ASP.NET MVC 4 项目
定义模型:
- Create a new ASP.NET MVC 4 project using the Empty Template
Define a model:
public class Product
{
public int Id { get; set; }
public string Name { get; set; }
}
定义一个 ApiController:
Define an ApiController:
public class ProductsController : ApiController
{
// GET /api/products => only users having the Users role can call this
[Authorize(Roles = "Users")]
public HttpResponseMessage Get()
{
var products = Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(x => new Product
{
Id = x,
Name = "product " + x
});
return Request.CreateResponse(HttpStatusCode.OK, products);
}
// GET /api/products => only users having the Admin role can call this
[Authorize(Roles = "Admin")]
public void Post(Product product)
{
}
}
定义一个RSAHelper:
public class RSAClass
{
private static string _privateKey = "<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>poQS/c9tLkgg84xYZpnUBHP6fy24D6XmzhQ8yCOG317hfUNhRt6Z9N4oTn+QcOTh/DAnul4Q901GrHbPrMB8tl1LtbpKbvGftPhyR7OLQVnWC1Oz10t2tHEo7mqyPyAVuYsq8Q1E3YNTh2V6+PRvMiAWGUHGyyG7fKjt/R9W+RE=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent><P>4G09wYejA4iLakpAcjXbE/zV9tXTNsYqVIWeXF4hzwMmwmin7ru/WQzXu2DdapXXOJIKqrkfzXlcPwCsW5b9rQ==</P><Q>vfEq13Et+cP4eGgsR+crDQH0Mi+G6UW5ACfuDs/zam1o+CE70pLgeWawfqW4jRN30/VHDnTF9DZuotH6zihNdQ==</Q><DP>JoZaHYidERQ1am+IlJJuIwY57H9UHIjz50JwpsZ540FVO/YfLboI5M5xkfbUy2EhatKXBit1LB5zGVWSQL6wmQ==</DP><DQ>Gxk7KX2GN6oT2unR13hNlg9/TWGmd8VwvWr09bwJWFe/sBbduA8oY2mZKJhwGgB7CgxmVNOoIk1Zv3UBuUPauQ==</DQ><InverseQ>ZwJpSUZ09lCfiCF3ILB6F1q+6NC5hFH0O4924X9B4LZ8G4PRuudBMu1Yg0WNROUqVi3zfihKvzHnquHshSL56A==</InverseQ><D>pPQNRDVpeQGm8t1C7VDRwR+LNNV7krTMMbXGiJT5FOoPAmHvSZ9WcEZrM2gXFF8IpySlFm/86p84tbx0+jMs1niU52VsTscsamGbTzbsxeoHAt1fQUvzYveOGoRezotXblboVB2971r6avMHNtAk0FAdjvh4TjGZJCGTqNHD0mE=</D></RSAKeyValue>";
private static string _publicKey = "<RSAKeyValue><Modulus>poQS/c9tLkgg84xYZpnUBHP6fy24D6XmzhQ8yCOG317hfUNhRt6Z9N4oTn+QcOTh/DAnul4Q901GrHbPrMB8tl1LtbpKbvGftPhyR7OLQVnWC1Oz10t2tHEo7mqyPyAVuYsq8Q1E3YNTh2V6+PRvMiAWGUHGyyG7fKjt/R9W+RE=</Modulus><Exponent>AQAB</Exponent></RSAKeyValue>";
private static UnicodeEncoding _encoder = new UnicodeEncoding();
public static string Decrypt(string data)
{
try
{
var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
var dataArray = data.Split(new char[] { ',' });
byte[] dataByte = new byte[dataArray.Length];
for (int i = 0; i < dataArray.Length; i++)
{
dataByte[i] = Convert.ToByte(dataArray[i]);
}
rsa.FromXmlString(_privateKey);
var decryptedByte = rsa.Decrypt(dataByte, false);
return _encoder.GetString(decryptedByte);
}
catch (Exception)
{
throw new RSAException();
}
}
public static string Encrypt(string data)
{
try
{
var rsa = new RSACryptoServiceProvider();
rsa.FromXmlString(_publicKey);
var dataToEncrypt = _encoder.GetBytes(data);
var encryptedByteArray = rsa.Encrypt(dataToEncrypt, false).ToArray();
var length = encryptedByteArray.Count();
var item = 0;
var sb = new StringBuilder();
foreach (var x in encryptedByteArray)
{
item++;
sb.Append(x);
if (item < length)
sb.Append(",");
}
return sb.ToString();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw new RSAException();
}
}
public class RSAException : Exception
{
public RSAException() : base("RSA Encryption Error") { }
}
}
定义一个TokenValidationHandler:
public class TokenValidationHandler : DelegatingHandler
{
protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
try
{
if (!request.Headers.Contains("Authorization-Token"))
{
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
{
Content = new StringContent("You need to include Authorization-Token header in your request")
};
});
}
var token = request.Headers.GetValues("Authorization-Token").FirstOrDefault();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(token))
{
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest)
{
Content = new StringContent("Missing Authorization-Token")
};
});
}
var decryptedToken = RSAClass.Decrypt(token);
// TODO: do your query to find the user
var user = decryptedToken;
var identity = new GenericIdentity(decryptedToken);
string[] roles = new[] { "Users", "Testers" };
var principal = new GenericPrincipal(identity, roles);
Thread.CurrentPrincipal = principal;
}
catch
{
return Task<HttpResponseMessage>.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.InternalServerError)
{
Content = new StringContent("Error encountered while attempting to process authorization token")
};
});
}
return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
}
}
定义一个测试控制器:
Define a test controller:
public class TestsController : Controller
{
public ActionResult GetProducts()
{
var productsUrl = Url.RouteUrl("DefaultApi", new { httproute = "", controller = "products" }, "http");
using (var client = new HttpClient())
{
var token = RSAClass.Encrypt("john");
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization-Token", token);
var products = client
.GetAsync(productsUrl)
.Result
.Content
.ReadAsAsync<IEnumerable<Product>>()
.Result;
return Json(products, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
}
public ActionResult PostProduct()
{
var productsUrl = Url.RouteUrl("DefaultApi", new { httproute = "", controller = "products" }, "http");
using (var client = new HttpClient())
{
var token = RSAClass.Encrypt("john");
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization-Token", token);
var product = new Product
{
Id = 1,
Name = "test product"
};
var result = client
.PostAsync<Product>(productsUrl, product, new JsonMediaTypeFormatter())
.Result;
if (result.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.Unauthorized)
{
return Content("Sorry you are not authorized to perform this operation");
}
return Json(true, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
}
}
测试:
Test:
* /tests/getproducts => success
* /tests/postproduct => 401
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