Selenium - 等待元素出现、可见和可交互 [英] Selenium - wait until element is present, visible and interactable
问题描述
我有一个 Selenium 脚本 (Python)，它点击回复按钮使 anonemail 类出现.anonemail 类出现的时间各不相同.因此，我必须使用 sleep 直到元素出现.
I have a Selenium script (Python) that clicks a reply button to make the class anonemail appear. The time it takes for the class anonemail to appear varies. Because of that I have to use sleep until the element has appeared.
我想等到类出现而不是使用睡眠.我听说过等待命令，但我不知道如何使用它们.
I want to wait until the class has appeared instead of using sleep. I have heard about wait commands, but I don't know how to use them.
这是我目前所拥有的:
browser.find_element_by_css_selector(".reply-button").click()
sleep(5)
email=browser.find_element_by_css_selector(".anonemail").get_attribute("value")
推荐答案
按照最佳实践:
如果您的用例是验证任何元素的存在，您需要引入 WebDriverWait 设置 expected_conditions 作为
presence_of_element_located()这是检查元素是否存在于页面的 DOM 上的期望.这并不一定意味着该元素是可见的.所以有效的代码行将是:
If your usecase is to validate the presence of any element you need to induce WebDriverWait setting the expected_conditions as
presence_of_element_located()which is the expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page. This does not necessarily mean that the element is visible. So the effective line of code will be:
WebDriverWait(browser, 20).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".reply-button"))).click()
如果您的用例是提取任何元素的任何属性，您需要引入 WebDriverWait 设置 expected_conditions 作为 visibility_of_element_located(locator) 这是检查元素是否存在于页面的 DOM 上并且可见的期望.可见性意味着元素不仅被显示，而且高度和宽度都大于 0.所以在你的用例中，代码行将是:
If your usecase is to extract any attribute of any element you need to induce WebDriverWait setting the expected_conditions as visibility_of_element_located(locator) which is an expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page and visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. So in your usecase effectively the line of code will be:
email = WebDriverWait(driver, 20).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element_css"))).get_attribute("value")
如果您的用例是在您需要诱导 WebDriverWait 设置 expected_conditions作为 element_to_be_clickable() 这是检查元素是否可见并启用以便您可以单击它的期望.因此，在您的用例中，代码行将是:
If your usecase is to invoke click() on any element you need to induce WebDriverWait setting the expected_conditions as element_to_be_clickable() which is an expectation for for checking an element is visible and enabled such that you can click it. So in your usecase effectively the line of code will be:
WebDriverWait(browser, 20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, ".reply-button"))).click()
您可以在以下位置找到一些详细的讨论:
You can find a couple of detailed discussion in:
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