如何将文件逐行读入列表? [英] How to read a file line-by-line into a list?

问题描述

如何在 Python 中读取文件的每一行并将每一行作为元素存储在列表中?

How do I read every line of a file in Python and store each line as an element in a list?

我想逐行读取文件并将每一行附加到列表的末尾.

I want to read the file line by line and append each line to the end of the list.

推荐答案

此代码会将整个文件读入内存并从每行末尾删除所有空白字符(换行符和空格):

This code will read the entire file into memory and remove all whitespace characters (newlines and spaces) from the end of each line:

with open(filename) as file:
    lines = file.readlines()
    lines = [line.rstrip() for line in lines]

如果您正在处理一个大文件，那么您应该逐行读取和处理它:

If you're working with a large file, then you should instead read and process it line-by-line:

with open(filename) as file:
    for line in file:
        print(line.rstrip())

在 Python 3.8 及更高版本中，您可以使用带有 walrus 的 while 循环运算符像这样:

In Python 3.8 and up you can use a while loop with the walrus operator like so:

with open(filename) as file:
    while (line := file.readline().rstrip()):
        print(line)

根据您打算对文件做什么以及它是如何编码的，您可能还想手动设置 访问模式和字符编码:

Depending on what you plan to do with your file and how it was encoded, you may also want to manually set the access mode and character encoding:

with open(filename, 'r', encoding='UTF-8') as file:
    while (line := file.readline().rstrip()):
        print(line)

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