Django 上的静态 STATIC_URL 和 STATIC_ROOT 之间的区别 [英] Difference between static STATIC_URL and STATIC_ROOT on Django

问题描述

我对 static root 感到困惑，想澄清一些事情.

要在 Django 中提供静态文件，settings.py 和 urls.py 中应包含以下内容:

导入操作系统PROJECT_DIR=os.path.dirname(__file__)

1.应该收集静态文件的目录的绝对路径

STATIC_ROOT= os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR,'static_media/')

2.静态文件的 URL 前缀

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

3.静态文件的其他位置

STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR,'static/'),)

...并在 urls.py 中添加以下几行:

 from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatternsurlpatterns += patterns('', (r'^static/(?P.*)$','django.views.static.serve',{'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}))

4.我们也使用 python manage.py collectstatic

问题:

1. 谁能向我解释一下工作流程:理想情况下应该如何完成工作.到目前为止，我将上面的代码片段复制/粘贴到指定位置并继续在静态目录中创建新文件并且它可以工作.然而，在我的 settings.STATIC_ROOT 中，我指向了一个不同的目录.

2. 如果有人能够解释每个设置的工作流程，那就太好了:如何收集和管理文件，以及遵循哪些好的做法.

谢谢.

解决方案

STATIC_ROOT

<块引用>

./manage.py collectstatic 将收集用于部署的静态文件的目录的绝对路径.示例:STATIC_ROOT="/var/www/example.com/static/"

现在命令 ./manage.py collectstatic 会将所有静态文件(即在您的应用程序中的静态文件夹中，所有路径中的静态文件)复制到目录 /var/www/example.com/static/.现在你只需要在 apache 或 nginx..etc 上提供这个目录.

STATIC_URL

<块引用>

STATIC_ROOT 目录下的静态文件所服务的 URL(通过 Apache 或 nginx..etc).示例:/static/ 或 http://static.example.com/

如果您设置 STATIC_URL = 'http://static.example.com/'，那么您必须提供 STATIC_ROOT 文件夹(即 "/var/www/example.com/static/") 由 apache 或 nginx 在 url 'http://static.example.com/'(以便您可以参考静态文件 <代码>'/var/www/example.com/static/jquery.js' with 'http://static.example.com/jquery.js')

现在在您的 django 模板中，您可以通过以下方式引用它:

{% 加载静态 %}<script src="{% static "jquery.js" %}"></script>

将呈现:

<script src="http://static.example.com/jquery.js"></script>

I am confused by static root and want to clarify things.

To serve static files in Django, the following should be in settings.py and urls.py:

import os
PROJECT_DIR=os.path.dirname(__file__)

1. Absolute path to the directory in which static files should be collected

STATIC_ROOT= os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR,'static_media/')

2. URL prefix for static files

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

3. Additional locations for static files

STATICFILES_DIRS = ( os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR,'static/'),)

...and in urls.py the following lines:

from django.contrib.staticfiles.urls import staticfiles_urlpatterns
urlpatterns += patterns('', (
    r'^static/(?P<path>.*)$',
    'django.views.static.serve',
    {'document_root': settings.STATIC_ROOT}
))

4. We also use python manage.py collectstatic

Questions:

1. Could anyone please explain the workflow to me: how should things ideally be done. As of now, I copy/paste the above code snippets into their designated locations and continue making new files in the static directory and it works. In my settings.STATIC_ROOT, however, I have pointed to a different directory.

2. It would be great if someone could explain the workflow of each setting: how files are collected and managed, and what would be a good practice to follow.

Thanks.

解决方案

STATIC_ROOT

The absolute path to the directory where ./manage.py collectstatic will collect static files for deployment. Example: STATIC_ROOT="/var/www/example.com/static/"

now the command ./manage.py collectstatic will copy all the static files(ie in static folder in your apps, static files in all paths) to the directory /var/www/example.com/static/. now you only need to serve this directory on apache or nginx..etc.

STATIC_URL

The URL of which the static files in STATIC_ROOT directory are served(by Apache or nginx..etc). Example: /static/ or http://static.example.com/

If you set STATIC_URL = 'http://static.example.com/', then you must serve the STATIC_ROOT folder (ie "/var/www/example.com/static/") by apache or nginx at url 'http://static.example.com/'(so that you can refer the static file '/var/www/example.com/static/jquery.js' with 'http://static.example.com/jquery.js')

Now in your django-templates, you can refer it by:

{% load static %}
<script src="{% static "jquery.js" %}"></script>

which will render:

<script src="http://static.example.com/jquery.js"></script>

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