如何在 Linux shell 脚本中提示是/否/取消输入? [英] How do I prompt for Yes/No/Cancel input in a Linux shell script?
问题描述
我想在 shell 脚本中暂停输入,并提示用户进行选择.
标准的Yes
、No
或Cancel
类型的问题.
如何在典型的 bash 提示符下完成此操作?
I want to pause input in a shell script, and prompt the user for choices.
The standard Yes
, No
, or Cancel
type question.
How do I accomplish this in a typical bash prompt?
推荐答案
在 shell 提示下获取用户输入的最简单和最广泛可用的方法是 read
命令.说明其使用的最佳方式是一个简单的演示:
The simplest and most widely available method to get user input at a shell prompt is the read
command. The best way to illustrate its use is a simple demonstration:
while true; do
read -p "Do you wish to install this program?" yn
case $yn in
[Yy]* ) make install; break;;
[Nn]* ) exit;;
* ) echo "Please answer yes or no.";;
esac
done
另一种方法,指出steven-huwig">Steven Huwig,是 Bash 的 <代码>选择代码>命令.下面是使用 select
的相同示例:
Another method, pointed out by Steven Huwig, is Bash's select
command. Here is the same example using select
:
echo "Do you wish to install this program?"
select yn in "Yes" "No"; do
case $yn in
Yes ) make install; break;;
No ) exit;;
esac
done
使用select
,您不需要清理输入——它会显示可用的选择,然后您输入与您的选择相对应的数字.它还会自动循环,因此如果输入无效,则无需 while true
循环重试.
With select
you don't need to sanitize the input – it displays the available choices, and you type a number corresponding to your choice. It also loops automatically, so there's no need for a while true
loop to retry if they give invalid input.
此外,Léa Gris 展示了一种在 她的回答.调整我的第一个示例以更好地服务于多种语言可能如下所示:
Also, Léa Gris demonstrated a way to make the request language agnostic in her answer. Adapting my first example to better serve multiple languages might look like this:
set -- $(locale LC_MESSAGES)
yesptrn="$1"; noptrn="$2"; yesword="$3"; noword="$4"
while true; do
read -p "Install (${yesword} / ${noword})? " yn
if [[ "$yn" =~ $yesexpr ]]; then make install; exit; fi
if [[ "$yn" =~ $noexpr ]]; then exit; fi
echo "Answer ${yesword} / ${noword}."
done
显然,其他通信字符串在这里仍未翻译(安装、回答),这需要在更完整的翻译中解决,但在许多情况下,即使是部分翻译也会有所帮助.
Obviously other communication strings remain untranslated here (Install, Answer) which would need to be addressed in a more fully completed translation, but even a partial translation would be helpful in many cases.
最后,请查看 优秀答案/1765658/f-hauri">F.豪里.
Finally, please check out the excellent answer by F. Hauri.
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