如何在 Linux 上使用 shell 脚本解析 JSON? [英] How to parse JSON with shell scripting on Linux?

问题描述

我有一个 Json 输出，我需要从中提取一些 linux 中的参数.

I have a Json output from which I need to extract a few parameters in linux.

这是json输出:

{
  "OwnerId":"121456789127",
  "ReservationId":"r-48465168",
  "Groups":[

  ],
  "Instances":[
    {
      "Monitoring":{
        "State":"disabled"
      },
      "PublicDnsName":null,
      "RootDeviceType":"ebs",
      "State":{
        "Code":16,
        "Name":"running"
      },
      "EbsOptimized":false,
      "LaunchTime":"2014-03-19T09:16:56.000Z",
      "PrivateIpAddress":"10.250.171.248",
      "ProductCodes":[
        {
          "ProductCodeId":"aacglxeowvn5hy8sznltowyqe",
          "ProductCodeType":"marketplace"
        }
      ],
      "VpcId":"vpc-86bab0e4",
      "StateTransitionReason":null,
      "InstanceId":"i-1234576",
      "ImageId":"ami-b7f6c5de",
      "PrivateDnsName":"ip-10-120-134-248.ec2.internal",
      "KeyName":"Test_Virginia",
      "SecurityGroups":[
        {
          "GroupName":"Test",
          "GroupId":"sg-12345b"
        }
      ],
      "ClientToken":"VYeFw1395220615808",
      "SubnetId":"subnet-12345314",
      "InstanceType":"t1.micro",
      "NetworkInterfaces":[
        {
          "Status":"in-use",
          "SourceDestCheck":true,
          "VpcId":"vpc-123456e4",
          "Description":"Primary network interface",
          "NetworkInterfaceId":"eni-3619f31d",
          "PrivateIpAddresses":[
            {
              "Primary":true,
              "PrivateIpAddress":"10.120.134.248"
            }
          ],
          "Attachment":{
            "Status":"attached",
            "DeviceIndex":0,
            "DeleteOnTermination":true,
            "AttachmentId":"eni-attach-9210dee8",
            "AttachTime":"2014-03-19T09:16:56.000Z"
          },
          "Groups":[
            {
              "GroupName":"Test",
              "GroupId":"sg-123456cb"
            }
          ],
          "SubnetId":"subnet-31236514",
          "OwnerId":"109030037527",
          "PrivateIpAddress":"10.120.134.248"
        }
      ],
      "SourceDestCheck":true,
      "Placement":{
        "Tenancy":"default",
        "GroupName":null,
        "AvailabilityZone":"us-east-1c"
      },
      "Hypervisor":"xen",
      "BlockDeviceMappings":[
        {
          "DeviceName":"/dev/sda",
          "Ebs":{
            "Status":"attached",
            "DeleteOnTermination":false,
            "VolumeId":"vol-37ff097b",
            "AttachTime":"2014-03-19T09:17:00.000Z"
          }
        }
      ],
      "Architecture":"x86_64",
      "KernelId":"aki-88aa75e1",
      "RootDeviceName":"/dev/sda1",
      "VirtualizationType":"paravirtual",
      "Tags":[
        {
          "Value":"Server for testing RDS feature in us-east-1c AZ",
          "Key":"Description"
        },
        {
          "Value":"RDS_Machine (us-east-1c)",
          "Key":"Name"
        },
          {
          "Value":"1234",
          "Key":"Cost.centre"
        },
        {
          "Value":"Jyoti Bhanot",
          "Key":"Owner"
        }
      ],
      "AmiLaunchIndex":0
    }
  ]
}

预期输出:

 Instance id         Name                           cost centre             Owner
    i-1234576          RDS_Machine (us-east-1c)        1234                   Jyoti Bhanot

我想编写一个文件，其中包含诸如实例 ID、标签如名称、成本中心、所有者等标题.在此之下，来自 json 输出的某些值.这里给出的输出只是一个例子.

I want to write a file that contains headings like instance id, tag like name, cost centre, owner. Below that, certain values from the json output. The output here given is just a example.

我如何使用 sed 和 awk 来做到这一点?

How can I do that using sed and awk?

感谢任何线索.

谢谢

推荐答案

这是一个使用 jsawk 的示例.参考:使用 Unix 工具解析 JSON

Here's a sample using jsawk. Reference: Parsing JSON with Unix tools

设置:

首先从https://github下载jsawk.com/micha/jsawk:

$ curl -L http://github.com/micha/jsawk/raw/master/jsawk > jsawk
$ chmod 755 jsawk && mv jsawk ~/bin/

您可能需要先安装 js-devel，然后才能使用 jsawk.我正在使用 Fedora，所以我所做的是:

You might want to install js-devel first before you can use jsawk. I'm using Fedora, so what I did was:

$ sudo yum install js-devel

测试:

我将您的 JSON 输出示例复制到一个文本文件中.称之为 sample.json.这是从 JSON 输出示例中获取值的示例:

I copied your JSON output sample to a text file. Called it sample.json. Here a sample to get a value from your JSON output sample:

$ jsawk 'return this.Instances[0].Monitoring.State' < sample.json
disabled
$ jsawk 'return this.Instances[0].VpcId' < sample.json
vpc-86bab0e4

对于来自 URL 的 JSON 数据，您可以使用 curl http://someserver.com/data.json 而不是 cat:

For JSON data from a URL, you can use curl http://someserver.com/data.json instead of cat:

$ curl http://someserver.com/data.json | jsawk 'return this.Instances[0].VpcId'
vpc-86bab0e4

您可以在 bash 文件中使用这些命令来生成包含您想要的字符串/文本的新文件.您可以从我在此处提供的 GitHub 链接中阅读有关 jsawk 的更多信息.

You can use these commands in your bash file to generate a new file that contains strings / text that you wanted. You can read more about jsawk from the GitHub link that I provided here.

这是您要找的吗?

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