如何使用参数在 linux 中的 C 代码中执行外部程序? [英] How do I execute external program within C code in linux with arguments?

问题描述

我想在 C 代码中执行另一个程序.比如我要执行一个命令

I want to execute another program within C code. For example, I want to execute a command

./foo 1 2 3

foo 为存在于同一文件夹中的程序，1 2 3 为参数.foo 程序创建一个将在我的代码中使用的文件.

foo is the program which exists in the same folder, and 1 2 3 are arguments. foo program creates a file which will be used in my code.

我该怎么做?

推荐答案

简单的方法，使用system():

#include <stdlib.h>
...
int status = system("./foo 1 2 3");

system() 将等待 foo 完成执行，然后返回一个状态变量，您可以使用它来检查例如退出代码(命令的退出代码乘以 256，因此将 system() 的返回值除以它以获得实际的退出代码:int exitcode = status/256).

system() will wait for foo to complete execution, then return a status variable which you can use to check e.g. exitcode (the command's exitcode gets multiplied by 256, so divide system()'s return value by that to get the actual exitcode: int exitcode = status / 256).

wait() 的手册页(在部分2, man 2 wait on your Linux system) 列出了可以用来检查状态的各种宏，最有趣的是 WIFEXITED 和 WEXITSTATUS.

The manpage for wait() (in section 2, man 2 wait on your Linux system) lists the various macros you can use to examine the status, the most interesting ones would be WIFEXITED and WEXITSTATUS.

或者，如果您需要读取 foo 的标准输出，请使用 popen(3)，它返回一个文件指针 (FILE *)；与命令的标准输入/输出交互与读取或写入文件相同.

Alternatively, if you need to read foo's standard output, use popen(3), which returns a file pointer (FILE *); interacting with the command's standard input/output is then the same as reading from or writing to a file.

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