如何在 Mac OSX 下使用 gcc 设置可执行文件的运行时路径(-rpath)? [英] How to set the runtime path (-rpath) of an executable with gcc under Mac OSX?

问题描述

我想在 Mac OSX 下在编译时设置可执行文件(用于链接器)的运行时路径，以便动态链接器在程序启动时找到非标准位置的共享库.

I want to set under Mac OSX the runtime path of an executable (for the linker) at compile time, such that shared libraries at non-standard locations are found by the dynamic linker at program start.

在 Linux 下，这可以通过 -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker/path/to(或使用 -Wl,-rpath,/path/to)和在 Solaris 下实现您可以将 -R/path/to 添加到编译器命令行.

Under Linux this is possible with -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker /path/to (or using -Wl,-rpath,/path/to) and under Solaris you can add -R/path/to to the compiler command line.

我发现 一些信息 Mac OS X gcc 从 10.5 开始支持 -rpath，即自 2008 年以来.

I found some information that Mac OS X gcc has -rpath support since 10.5, i.e. since ~ 2008.

我试图用一个最小的例子让它工作 - 没有成功:

I tried to get it working with a minimal example - without success:

$ cat blah.c 
int blah(int b)
{
  return b+1;
}

还有:

$ cat main.c 

#include <stdio.h>

int blah(int);

int main ()
{
  printf("%d
", blah(22));
  return 0;
}

编译如下:

$ gcc -c  blah.c
$ gcc -dynamiclib blah.o -o libblah.dylib
$ gcc main.c -lblah -L`pwd`  -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker `pwd`/t

现在测试:

$ mkdir t
$ mv libblah.dylib t
$ ./a.out
dyld: Library not loaded: libblah.dylib
  Referenced from: /Users/max/test/./a.out
  Reason: image not found
Trace/BPT trap

因此问题:如何在 Mac OSX 下为链接器设置运行时路径?

Thus the question: How to I set the runtime path for the linker under Mac OSX?

顺便说一句，设置 DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 有效 - 但我不想使用这个 hack.

Btw, setting DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH works - but I don't want to use this hack.

关于otool -L:

$ otool -L a.out 
a.out:
        libblah.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
        /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 125.2.1)

似乎 otool -L 只打印可执行文件链接的库名称(可能还有链接时的位置)，没有运行时路径信息.

It seems that otool -L only prints the library names (and probable the locations at link time) the executable was linked against and no runtime path information.

推荐答案

通过实验发现，并检查 Xcode 生成的命令行以获取 参考 Dave Driblin 的 rpath 演示项目:

Found by experimentation, and inspecting the command lines generated by Xcode for a reference rpath demo project by Dave Driblin:

otool -L 显示链接库的安装名称.要使 @rpath 工作，您需要更改库的安装名称:

otool -L shows you the install name of the linked libraries. To get @rpath to work, you need to change the install name of the library:

$ gcc -dynamiclib blah.o -install_name @rpath/t/libblah.dylib -o libblah.dylib
$ mkdir t ; mv libblah.dylib t/
$ gcc main.c -lblah -L`pwd`/t -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker `pwd`

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