如何进入 Docker 容器的外壳? [英] How do I get into a Docker container's shell?

问题描述

我开始使用 Docker.我正在使用 WordPress 基础映像和 docker-compose.

I'm getting started working with Docker. I'm using the WordPress base image and docker-compose.

我正在尝试通过 ssh 进入其中一个容器以检查在初始构建期间创建的文件/目录.我试图运行 docker-compose run containername ls -la，但这没有做任何事情.即使有，我也宁愿有一个可以遍历目录结构的控制台，而不是运行单个命令.使用 Docker 执行此操作的正确方法是什么?

I'm trying to ssh into one of the containers to inspect the files/directories that were created during the initial build. I tried to run docker-compose run containername ls -la, but that didn't do anything. Even if it did, I'd rather have a console where I can traverse the directory structure, rather than run a single command. What is the right way to do this with Docker?

推荐答案

docker attach 将让你连接到你的 Docker 容器，但这与 ssh<并不是一回事/代码>.例如，如果您的容器正在运行网络服务器，docker attach 可能会将您连接到网络服务器进程的 stdout.它不一定会给你一个外壳.

docker attach will let you connect to your Docker container, but this isn't really the same thing as ssh. If your container is running a webserver, for example, docker attach will probably connect you to the stdout of the web server process. It won't necessarily give you a shell.

docker exec 命令可能就是你要找的；这将允许您在现有容器内运行任意命令.例如:

The docker exec command is probably what you are looking for; this will let you run arbitrary commands inside an existing container. For example:

docker exec -it <mycontainer> bash

当然，您运行的任何命令都必须存在于容器文件系统中.

Of course, whatever command you are running must exist in the container filesystem.

在上面的命令中， 是目标容器的名称或 ID.是否使用 docker compose 并不重要；只需运行 docker ps 并使用 ID(显示在第一列中的十六进制字符串)或名称(显示在最后一列中).例如，给定:

In the above command <mycontainer> is the name or ID of the target container. It doesn't matter whether or not you're using docker compose; just run docker ps and use either the ID (a hexadecimal string displayed in the first column) or the name (displayed in the final column). E.g., given:

$ docker ps
d2d4a89aaee9        larsks/mini-httpd   "mini_httpd -d /cont   7 days ago          Up 7 days                               web                 

我可以跑:

$ docker exec -it web ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
18: eth0: <BROADCAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::42:acff:fe11:3/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

我可以通过运行来完成同样的事情:

I could accomplish the same thing by running:

$ docker exec -it d2d4a89aaee9 ip addr

同样，我可以在容器中启动一个shell；

Similarly, I could start a shell in the container;

$ docker exec -it web sh
/ # echo This is inside the container.
This is inside the container.
/ # exit
$

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