如何在 Perl 中读入目录的内容? [英] How do I read in the contents of a directory in Perl?

问题描述

如何让 Perl 将给定目录的内容读入数组?

How do I get Perl to read the contents of a given directory into an array?

反引号可以做到，但是有没有一些方法使用scandir"或相似词?

Backticks can do it, but is there some method using 'scandir' or a similar term?

推荐答案

opendir(D, "/path/to/directory") || die "Can't open directory: $!
";
while (my $f = readdir(D)) {
    print "$f = $f
";
}
closedir(D);

哦，抱歉，错过了放入数组"部分:

Oh, sorry, missed the "into an array" part:

my $d = shift;

opendir(D, "$d") || die "Can't open directory $d: $!
";
my @list = readdir(D);
closedir(D);

foreach my $f (@list) {
    print "$f = $f
";
}

大多数其他答案都是有效的，但我想评论 这个答案，其中提供了这个解决方案:

Most of the other answers are valid, but I wanted to comment on this answer specifically, in which this solution is offered:

opendir(DIR, $somedir) || die "Can't open directory $somedir: $!";
@dots = grep { (!/^./) && -f "$somedir/$_" } readdir(DIR);
closedir DIR;

首先，记录它在做什么，因为海报没有:它正在传递从 返回的列表readdir() 通过 grep() 只返回那些值文件(相对于目录、设备、命名管道等)并且不以点开头(这使得列表名称 @dots 具有误导性，但这是由于他在复制时所做的更改它来自 readdir() 文档).由于它限制了它返回的目录的内容，我认为这在技术上不是这个问题的正确答案，但它说明了用于过滤 Perl，我认为记录下来会很有价值.另一个经常看到的例子是:

First, to document what it's doing since the poster didn't: it's passing the returned list from readdir() through a grep() that only returns those values that are files (as opposed to directories, devices, named pipes, etc.) and that do not begin with a dot (which makes the list name @dots misleading, but that's due to the change he made when copying it over from the readdir() documentation). Since it limits the contents of the directory it returns, I don't think it's technically a correct answer to this question, but it illustrates a common idiom used to filter filenames in Perl, and I thought it would be valuable to document. Another example seen a lot is:

@list = grep !/^..?$/, readdir(D);

此代码段从目录句柄 D 除了 '.' 读取所有内容.和.."，因为它们很少需要在列表中使用.

This snippet reads all contents from the directory handle D except '.' and '..', since those are very rarely desired to be used in the listing.

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