如何在 C 中模拟 OO 风格的多态性? [英] How can I simulate OO-style polymorphism in C?

问题描述

有没有办法用 C 编程语言编写类似 OO 的代码?

Is there a way to write OO-like code in the C programming language?

另见:

• 你能用 C 编写面向对象的代码吗?
• C 中的面向对象

通过搜索[c] oo"找到.

Found by searching on "[c] oo".

推荐答案

第一个 C++ 编译器(C with classes")实际上会生成 C 代码，所以这绝对是可行的.

The first C++ compiler ("C with classes") would actually generate C code, so that's definitely doable.

基本上，你的基类是一个结构体；派生结构必须在第一个位置包含基结构，这样指向派生"结构的指针也将是指向基结构的有效指针.

Basically, your base class is a struct; derived structs must include the base struct at the first position, so that a pointer to the "derived" struct will also be a valid pointer to the base struct.

typedef struct {
   data member_x;
} base;

typedef struct {
   struct base;
   data member_y;
} derived;

void function_on_base(struct base * a); // here I can pass both pointers to derived and to base

void function_on_derived(struct derived * b); // here I must pass a pointer to the derived class

函数可以作为函数指针作为结构的一部分，因此像 p->call(p) 这样的语法成为可能，但您仍然必须显式地将指向结构的指针传递给函数本身.

The functions can be part of the structure as function pointers, so that a syntax like p->call(p) becomes possible, but you still have to explicitly pass a pointer to the struct to the function itself.

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