如何将 Bash 变量传递给 Python? [英] How to pass a Bash variable to Python?

问题描述

最终我明白了这一点并且它有效.

Eventually I understand this and it works.

bash 脚本:

#!/bin/bash
#$ -V
#$ -cwd
#$ -o $HOME/sge_jobs_output/$JOB_ID.out -j y
#$ -S /bin/bash
#$ -l mem_free=4G


c=$SGE_TASK_ID
cd /home/xxx/scratch/test/
FILENAME=`head -$c testlist|tail -1`
python testpython.py $FILENAME

python 脚本:

#!/bin/python
import sys,os


path='/home/xxx/scratch/test/'
name1=sys.argv[1]
job_id=os.path.join(path+name1)
f=open(job_id,'r').readlines()
print f[1]

谢谢

推荐答案

导出的 bash 变量实际上是环境变量.您可以通过 os.environ 对象使用类似字典的界面来获取它们.请注意，Bash 中有两种类型的变量:当前进程本地的变量和子进程继承的变量.您的 Python 脚本是一个子进程，因此您需要确保export 您希望子进程访问的变量.

Exported bash variables are actually environment variables. You get at them through the os.environ object with a dictionary-like interface. Note that there are two types of variables in Bash: those local to the current process, and those that are inherited by child processes. Your Python script is a child process, so you need to make sure that you export the variable you want the child process to access.

要回答您的原始问题，您需要先导出变量，然后使用 os.environ 从 python 脚本中访问它.

To answer your original question, you need to first export the variable and then access it from within the python script using os.environ.

##!/bin/bash
#$ -V
#$ -cwd
#$ -o $HOME/sge_jobs_output/$JOB_ID.out -j y
#$ -S /bin/bash
#$ -l mem_free=4G

c=$SGE_TASK_ID
cd /home/xxx/scratch/test/
export FILENAME=`head -$c testlist|tail -1`
chmod +X testpython.py
./testpython.py


#!/bin/python
import sys
import os

for arg in sys.argv:  
    print arg  

f=open('/home/xxx/scratch/test/' + os.environ['FILENAME'],'r').readlines()
print f[1]

或者，您可以将变量作为命令行参数传递，这就是您的代码现在正在执行的操作.在这种情况下，您必须查看 sys.argv，它是传递给脚本的参数列表.它们按照您在调用脚本时指定的顺序出现在 sys.argv 中.sys.argv[0] 始终包含正在运行的程序的名称.后续条目包含其他参数.len(sys.argv) 表示脚本接收到的参数个数.

Alternatively, you may pass the variable as a command line argument, which is what your code is doing now. In that case, you must look in sys.argv, which is the list of arguments passed to your script. They appear in sys.argv in the same order you specified them when invoking the script. sys.argv[0] always contains the name of the program that's running. Subsequent entries contain other arguments. len(sys.argv) indicates the number of arguments the script received.

#!/bin/python
import sys
import os

if len(sys.argv) < 2:
    print 'Usage: ' + sys.argv[0] + ' <filename>'
    sys.exit(1)

print 'This is the name of the python script: ' + sys.argv[0]
print 'This is the 1st argument:              ' + sys.argv[1]

f=open('/home/xxx/scratch/test/' + sys.argv[1],'r').readlines()
print f[1]

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