如何在 Django 中根据域名或 TLD 设置 urlpatterns? [英] How do I set urlpatterns based on domain name or TLD, in Django?

问题描述

如何在 Django 中根据域名或 TLD 设置 urlpatterns?

How do I set urlpatterns based on domain name or TLD, in Django?

对于某些链接，亚马逊会根据其网站 tld 以母语显示 url.

For some links, Amazon shows url in native language based on its website tld.

http://www.amazon.de/bücher-buch-literatur/ ( de : books => bücher )

http://www.amazon.de/bücher-buch-literatur/ ( de : books => bücher )

http://www.amazon.fr/Nouveautés-paraître-Livres/ ( fr : books => Livres )

http://www.amazon.fr/Nouveautés-paraître-Livres/ ( fr : books => Livres )

http://www.amazon.co.jp/和书-ユーズドブッ-英语学习/ ( jp : books => 和书 )

http://www.amazon.co.jp/和書-ユーズドブッ-英語学習/ ( jp : books => 和書 )

(链接不完整，仅作为示例显示.)

( the links are incomplete and just show as samples. )

是否可以在 urls.py 中获取主机名?(请求对象在 urls.py 中不可用)或者可能在中间件的 process_request 中并在 urls.py 中使用它(如何???)

Is it possible to get host name in urls.py? (request object is not available in urls.py) or maybe in process_request of middleware and use it in urls.py(how???)

任何其他建议如何实现这一目标?

Any alternate suggestions how to achive this?

#---------- pseudocode ---------- 

website_tld = get_host(request).split(".")[-1]

#.fr French  : Books : Livres
#.de German : Books : Bücher

if website_tld == "fr":
    lang_word = "Livres"
elif website_tld == "de":
    lang_word = "Bücher"
else:
    lang_word = "books"

urlpatterns = patterns('',
                       url(r'^%s/$' % lang_word,books_view, name="books"),
                       )

url 模式需要基于 tld 和后面的模板构建，<a href="{% url books %}" >{% trans "books" %}</a> 将 html 呈现为 <a href="Bücher">Bücher</a> 或 <a href="Livres">Livres</a>

The url pattern needs to be built based on tld and later in the template, <a href="{% url books %}" >{% trans "books" %}</a> to render html as <a href="Bücher">Bücher</a> or <a href="Livres">Livres</a>

推荐答案

您必须在网络服务器级别(例如在 Apache 中使用 mod_rewrite)或使用中间件(例如 这个片段)

另见这个所以问题

更新:在您发表评论后，我又考虑了一些.我喜欢 Carl Meyer 的回答，但后来意识到它无法正确处理 {% url %} 反转.所以这就是我要做的:

Update: after your comment I thought about it some more. I liked Carl Meyer's answer, but then realized it wouldn't handle {% url %} reversing properly. So here's what I would do:

多个站点:您需要使用 Django 站点框架.这意味着使用 Django 管理员为每种语言创建站点实例.

Multiple sites: You need to use the Django sites framework. Which means making site instances for each language using the Django admin.

多种设置:每个语言站点也有自己的 settings.py.每个站点之间的唯一区别是 SITE_ID 和 ROOT_URLCONF 设置，因此请遵循 DRY 原则，您应该将通用设置保存在不同的文件中，并将它们导入到主文件中，如下所示:

Multiple settings: Each language site will also have its own settings.py. The only differences between each site will be the SITE_ID and ROOT_URLCONF settings so, to follow DRY principle, you should keep the common settings in a different file and import them into the master file like this:

# settings_fr.py
SITE_ID = 1
ROOT_URLCONF = 'app.urls_fr'
from settings_common import *

# settings_de.py
SITE_ID = 2
ROOT_URLCONF = 'app.urls_de'
from settings_common import *

...等等.

Multiple URL conf: 如上所述，每个站点的 url conf:

Multiple URL conf: As implied above, a url conf for each site:

# urls_fr.py
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^Livres/$', books_view, name="books"),
)

# urls_de.py
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    url(r'^Bücher/$', books_view, name="books"),
)

...等等.

这样，所有语言的 url 名称(在此示例中为books")都相同，因此 {% url books %} 将正确反向，域名将是 domain_name 字段具有 SITE_ID 的 Site 对象.

This way the url name (in this example "books") is the same for all languages, and therefore {% url books %} will reverse properly and the domain name will be the domain_name field of the Site object with SITE_ID.

多个网络服务器实例:为了让每个站点正常工作，每个站点都需要自己的服务器实例.对于 apache + mod_wsgi，这意味着每个站点都有不同的 wsgi 应用程序，如下所示:

Multiple web server instances: In order for each SITE to work properly they each need their own server instances. For apache + mod_wsgi this means a different wsgi application for each SITE like this:

# site_fr.wsgi
import os, sys, django.core.handlers.wsgi
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'app.settings_fr'
application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()

... 等等，以及每个站点的匹配 apache 虚拟主机:

... and so on along with matching apache virtual host for each site:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName mybooks.fr
    WSGIScriptAlias / /path/to/site_fr.wsgi
    ...
</VirtualHost>

希望这很清楚:)

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