如何使用 Bash shell 命令使 npm 项目在 Windows 上工作? [英] How can I make npm projects with Bash shell commands work on Windows?

问题描述

我最近接手的一个项目中有一些 NPM 脚本，如下所示:

I have some NPM scripts on a project i recently took over that go like this:

{
    "package": "yarn package-common && mv './dist/APP® TV.wgt' ''./package/$(yarn -s filename)''",
    "package-common": "tizen package -t wgt -s APP -- ./dist && rimraf package && mkdir package",
    "filename": "cross-env-shell echo APP_${npm_package_version}.wgt",
}

这个项目是由某人在 MAC 上编写的.我如何将以下部分转换为有效的 Powershell/cmd 命令?我还没有在任何地方找到任何关于此的信息.它运行命令并将回显的值附加到它从中调用的字符串中.

This project was written by someone on a MAC. How can i translate the following part into a functioning Powershell / cmd command? I havent found anything anywhere about this. It runs the command and the echoed value gets appended to the string it got called from.

''./package/$(yarn -s filename)''

或者更好的是，除了这个包之外，还有其他方法可以跨平台实现吗?

Or even better, is there a way besides this package to do it cross-platform?

目前运行yarn package时powershell输出的信息是:

Currently the message that gets output in powershell when running yarn package is:

'' was unexpected at this time.

推荐答案

在没有平台特定脚本的情况下跨平台的基本选择 是:

Your basic choices for going cross-platform without platform-specific scripts are:

• 在 Windows 上也使用 Bash:

• 从 Bash 通过WSL运行您的 npm 脚本> 和使用现有的 Bash 命令通常包含在 package.json 文件中，例如在您的情况下.

• Run your npm scripts from Bash via WSL and use the existing Bash commands typically contained in package.json files, such as in your case.

或者，安装 Git for Windows, 将 npm 配置为使用 bash.exe 作为调用命令的 shell - 参见 这个答案 [npm v5.1+].

Alternatively, with Git for Windows installed, configure npm to use bash.exe as the shell for invoking commands - see this answer [npm v5.1+].

在所有平台上安装PowerShell(核心)(包括 Windows)，并且将命令定义为 PowerShell 命令(见下文)[npm v5.1+].

Install PowerShell (Core) on all your platforms (including Windows), and define the commands as PowerShell commands (see below) [npm v5.1+].

请注意 npm 版本要求(版本 5.1 或更高版本)，因为使用特定 shell (script-shell) 的配置选项在早期版本中不可用.如果可能，运行 npm -v 以获取已安装的版本，并运行
npm install -g npm 进行更新.

Note the npm version version requirement (version 5.1 or higher) where noted, due to the configuration option to use a specific shell (script-shell) not being available in earlier versions. Run npm -v to get the installed version, and
npm install -g npm to update, if possible.

• 安装 PowerShell核心.

• Install PowerShell Core.

然后配置 npm 以使用 PowerShell (Core) 作为 shell(需要 npm 5.1 或更高版本):

Then configure npm to use PowerShell (Core) as the shell (requires npm version 5.1 or higher):

• 对于所有您的项目(当前用户)，或全局(所有用户):

• For all your projects (current user), or globally (all users):

npm config set script-shell pwsh [--global]

仅针对给定项目(来自该项目的根目录):

For a given project only (from that project's root directory):

npm config set script-shell pwsh --userconfig ./.npmrc

最后，在您项目的 package.json 的 scripts 键中，将命令定义为 PowerShell 命令.

Finally, in your projects' package.json's scripts key, define the commands as PowerShell commands.

手头的案例:

例如，翻译这个 Bash 命令:

For instance, translate this Bash command:

yarn package-common && mv './dist/APP® TV.wgt' "./package/$(yarn -s filename)"

^{注意:我用"替换了''，因为后者更有意义；正如最初编写的那样，'' 被 Bash 有效地丢弃，并且命令替换的结果 $(yarn -s filename) 可能会破坏命令，如果它包含空格.}

^{Note: I've replaced '' with ", because the latter make more sense; as originally written, the '' are effectively discarded by Bash, and the result of command substitution $(yarn -s filename) could break the command if it contained whitespace.}

到此 PowerShell 命令 (v7+):

to this PowerShell command (v7+):

yarn package-common && mi './dist/APP® TV.wgt' "./package/$(yarn -s filename)"

注意:

• mi 是 PowerShell Move-Item cmdlet.

• mi is a built-in alias for PowerShell's Move-Item cmdlet.

虽然也可以从 PowerShell 调用您的脚本，但这不是必需的 - 从 cmd.exe 或批处理文件调用也可以.

While it makes sense to call your scripts from PowerShell also, that's not a requirement - calling from cmd.exe or a batch file will work too.

要开始使用 PowerShell(核心)，请参阅 学习PowerShell；此外，http://hyperpolyglot.org/shell 将 Bash 等 POSIX 类 shell 的语法与它并列cmd.exe 和 PowerShell 的简明表格形式.

To get started with PowerShell (Core), see Learning PowerShell; also, http://hyperpolyglot.org/shell juxtaposes the syntax of POSIX-like shells such as Bash with that of cmd.exe and PowerShell in concise, tabular form.

这篇关于如何使用 Bash shell 命令使 npm 项目在 Windows 上工作?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！