scipy 未优化并返回“由于精度损失而不一定实现所需的错误"; [英] scipy is not optimizing and returns "Desired error not necessarily achieved due to precision loss"
问题描述
我有以下代码试图最小化对数似然函数.
I have the following code which attempts to minimize a log likelihood function.
#!/usr/bin/python
import math
import random
import numpy as np
from scipy.optimize import minimize
def loglikelihood(params, data):
(mu, alpha, beta) = params
tlist = np.array(data)
r = np.zeros(len(tlist))
for i in xrange(1,len(tlist)):
r[i] = math.exp(-beta*(tlist[i]-tlist[i-1]))*(1+r[i-1])
loglik = -tlist[-1]*mu
loglik = loglik+alpha/beta*sum(np.exp(-beta*(tlist[-1]-tlist))-1)
loglik = loglik+np.sum(np.log(mu+alpha*r))
return -loglik
atimes = [ 148.98894201, 149.70253172, 151.13717804, 160.35968355,
160.98322609, 161.21331798, 163.60755544, 163.68994973,
164.26131871, 228.79436067]
a= 0.01
alpha = 0.5
beta = 0.6
print loglikelihood((a, alpha, beta), atimes)
res = minimize(loglikelihood, (0.01, 0.1,0.1), method = 'BFGS',args = (atimes,))
print res
它给了我
28.3136498357
./test.py:17: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in log
loglik = loglik+np.sum(np.log(mu+alpha*r))
status: 2
success: False
njev: 14
nfev: 72
hess_inv: array([[1, 0, 0],
[0, 1, 0],
[0, 0, 1]])
fun: 32.131359359964378
x: array([ 0.01, 0.1 , 0.1 ])
message: 'Desired error not necessarily achieved due to precision loss.'
jac: array([ -2.8051672 , 13.06962156, -48.97879982])
请注意,它根本没有设法优化参数,并且最小化值 32 大于 28,这是您在 a= 0.01, alpha = 0.5, beta = 0.6 时得到的结果.有可能通过选择更好的初始猜测来避免这个问题,但如果是这样,我如何自动执行此操作?
Notice that it hasn't managed to optimize the parameters at all and the minimized value 32 is bigger than 28 which is what you get with a= 0.01, alpha = 0.5, beta = 0.6 . It's possible this problem could be avoided by choosing better initial guesses but if so, how can I do this automatically?
推荐答案
我复制了您的示例并尝试了一些.看起来如果您坚持使用 BFGS 求解器,经过几次迭代后 mu+ alpha * r
将有一些负数,这就是您获得 RuntimeWarning 的方式.
I copied your example and tried a little bit. Looks like if you stick with BFGS solver, after a few iteration the mu+ alpha * r
will have some negative numbers, and that's how you get the RuntimeWarning.
我能想到的最简单的解决方法是切换到 Nelder Mead 求解器.
The easiest fix I can think of is to switch to Nelder Mead solver.
res = minimize(loglikelihood, (0.01, 0.1,0.1), method = 'Nelder-Mead',args = (atimes,))
它会给你这个结果:
28.3136498357
status: 0
nfev: 159
success: True
fun: 27.982451280648817
x: array([ 0.01410906, 0.68346023, 0.90837568])
message: 'Optimization terminated successfully.'
nit: 92
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