VBA 与 Internet Explorer 的交互 [英] VBA interaction with internet explorer

问题描述

我正在构建的宏从 Excel 电子表格中获取名称，打开 Internet Explorer，并搜索在线目录.搜索目录后，它会调出一个 Java 表单，其中包含经理的姓名.我可以手动切换到经理名称，右键单击，复制快捷方式，然后将其发回电子表格.但是，我在使用一致的制表符和复制快捷方式时遇到了问题.

The macro I am building takes names from an Excel spreadsheet, opens Internet Explorer, and searches the online directory. After searching the directory, it pulls up a Java form with the manager's name in it. I am able to manually tab to the manager name, right click, copy shortcut, and then post it back on the spread sheet. However, I am having problems with consistent tabbing and copying the shortcut.

1. 有没有一种简单的方法可以让焦点重新回到 IE 窗口上?
2. 如何在不手动单击的情况下复制快捷方式?

代码:

Sub Macro1()
'
Dim ie As Object
Set ie = CreateObject("internetexplorer.application")

ie.Visible = True
ie.navigate "****url****"

While ie.busy
    DoEvents
Wend

ie.document.getElementById("SSOID").Value = "Z19516732"
ie.document.getElementById("Advanced").Checked = False
ie.document.all("Search").Click

'this loop is to slow the macro as the java form is filled from the search
For i = 1 To 400000000  
    i = i + 1
Next i

'ie.Object.Activate
ie.document.getElementById("Advanced").Checked = False
ie.document.getElementById("SSOID").Focus
Application.SendKeys "{TAB 6}" ', True

'bring up the control menu/right click
Application.SendKeys "+{F10}"

'copy shortcut is 8 items down on the list
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"
Application.SendKeys "{DOWN}"

'enter was not working so the shortcut for the menu is 't'
'SendKeys "{ENTER}"
Application.SendKeys "{t}"

Windows("Book21").Activate
Range("A1").Select
ActiveSheet.Paste

End Sub

推荐答案

在你的模块的开头，放这行代码:

At the beginning of your module, put this line of code:

Public Declare Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "user32" (ByVal HWND As Long) As Long

这称为 Declare Statement 并允许您访问 SetForegroundWindow 内置于 Windows 的函数.该函数位于 Windows 系统的 user32 DLL 中.实际上，VBA 可以通过这种方式访问​​多个 DLL 中的许多其他函数(更多示例请参见链接).

This is called a Declare Statement and will allow you to access the SetForegroundWindow function that is built into Windows. This function lives in the user32 DLL of the Windows system. There are actually a number of other functions among multiple DLLs that are accessible to VBA in this way (see link for more examples).

在您的代码中，在与 IE 对象交互时，记录 HWND (handle 到那个窗口)像这样:

In your code, while interacting with your IE object, record the HWND (handle to that window) like so:

Dim HWNDSrc As Long
HWNDSrc = ie.HWND

然后，在您与 Java 交互之后，使用它继续:

Then, after you've interacted with Java, use this to continue:

SetForegroundWindow HWNDSrc

这告诉Windows系统将HWND标识的窗口设置为前台窗口(顾名思义).

This tells the Windows system to set the window identified by the HWND as the foreground window (as the name implies).

但是，这可能不是必需的，这取决于您与 IE 的交互方式.换句话说，如果您不需要查看/触摸窗口，您仍然可以像在代码中一样使用该对象进行交互.

However, this may not be necessary, depending on how you are interacting with IE. In other words, if you don't need to see/touch the window, you can still interact using the object as you have in your code already.

有很多方法可以使用诸如 GetElementById() 和 GetElementsByTagName() (参见此处了解更多信息)，但这取决于源的创建方式.例如<a href="...> 链接应该相对容易拉取，如果您知道 HTML 源代码.

There are ways to get the shortcut you are looking for using code like GetElementById() and GetElementsByTagName() (see here for more info), but it will depend on how the source was created. e.g. an <a href="...> link should be relatively easy to pull, if you know the HTML source.

第二次查看您的代码后，我注意到您使用循环来减慢"宏的运行速度.我有一个一直用于我自己的类似方法的函数.希望这将有助于您完成所需的工作.我已经从我自己的原始代码修改了下面的代码，因为我有一些不适用于您的案例的其他细节.如果有任何错误，我可以根据需要进行调整.

After reviewing your code a second time, I noticed you use a loop to 'slow down' the macro. I have a function I use all the time for similar methods of my own. Hopefully this will help in you getting done what you need. I've modified my code below from my own original, since I had additional specifics that don't apply to your case. If there are any errors with it, I can adjust as needed.

Public Sub WaitForIE(myIEwindow As InternetExplorer, HWND As Long, WaitTime As Integer)

    ' Add pauses/waits so that window action can actually
    ' begin AND finish before trying to read from myIEWindow.

    ' myIEWindow is the IE object currently in use
    ' HWND is the HWND for myIEWindow
    ' The above two variables are both used for redundancy/failsafe purposes.
    ' WaitTime is the amount of time (in seconds) to wait at each step below. 
    ' This is variablized because some pages are known to take longer than 
    ' others to load, and some pages with frames may be partially loaded,
    ' which can incorrectly return an READYSTATE_COMPLETE status, etc.

    Dim OpenIETitle As SHDocVw.InternetExplorer

    Application.Wait DateAdd("s", WaitTime, Now())

    Do Until myIEwindow.ReadyState = READYSTATE_COMPLETE
        ' Wait until IE is done loading page and/or user actions are done.
    Loop

    Application.Wait DateAdd("s", WaitTime, Now())

    While myIEwindow.Busy
        DoEvents  ' Wait until IE is done loading page and/or user actions are done.
    Wend

    On Error Resume Next
    ' Make sure our window still exists and was not closed for some reason...
    For Each OpenIETitle In objShellWindows
        If OpenIETitle.HWND = HWND Then
            If Err.Number = 0 Then
                Set myIEwindow = OpenIETitle
                Exit For
            Else
                Err.Clear
            End If
        End If
    Next OpenIETitle
    On Error GoTo 0

End Sub

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