使 d3.js 可视化布局响应的最佳方法是什么? [英] What's the best way to make a d3.js visualisation layout responsive?

问题描述

假设我有一个构建 960 500 svg 图形的直方图脚本.我如何使这种响应式调整图形宽度和高度是动态的?

Assume I have a histogram script that builds a 960 500 svg graphic. How do I make this responsive so on resize the graphic widths and heights are dynamic?

<script> 

var n = 10000, // number of trials
    m = 10,    // number of random variables
    data = [];

// Generate an Irwin-Hall distribution.
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
  for (var s = 0, j = 0; j < m; j++) {
    s += Math.random();
  }
  data.push(s);
}

var histogram = d3.layout.histogram()
    (data);

var width = 960,
    height = 500;

var x = d3.scale.ordinal()
    .domain(histogram.map(function(d) { return d.x; }))
    .rangeRoundBands([0, width]);

var y = d3.scale.linear()
    .domain([0, d3.max(histogram.map(function(d) { return d.y; }))])
    .range([0, height]);

var svg = d3.select("body").append("svg")
    .attr("width", width)
    .attr("height", height);

svg.selectAll("rect")
    .data(histogram)
  .enter().append("rect")
    .attr("width", x.rangeBand())
    .attr("x", function(d) { return x(d.x); })
    .attr("y", function(d) { return height - y(d.y); })
    .attr("height", function(d) { return y(d.y); });

svg.append("line")
    .attr("x1", 0)
    .attr("x2", width)
    .attr("y1", height)
    .attr("y2", height);

</script> 

完整示例直方图要点是:https://gist.github.com/993912

Full example histogram gist is: https://gist.github.com/993912

推荐答案

还有另一种不需要重新绘制图形的方法，它涉及修改 viewBox 和 属性:

There's another way to do this that doesn't require redrawing the graph, and it involves modifying the viewBox and preserveAspectRatio attributes on the <svg> element:

<svg id="chart" viewBox="0 0 960 500"
  preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid meet">
</svg>

更新 11/24/15:大多数现代浏览器都可以从 viewBox 推断 SVG 元素的纵横比，因此您可能不需要使图表的大小保持最新.如果您需要支持旧版浏览器，您可以在窗口调整大小时调整元素大小，如下所示:

Update 11/24/15: most modern browsers can infer the aspect ratio of SVG elements from the viewBox, so you may not need to keep the chart's size up to date. If you need to support older browsers, you can resize your element when the window resizes like so:

var aspect = width / height,
    chart = d3.select('#chart');
d3.select(window)
  .on("resize", function() {
    var targetWidth = chart.node().getBoundingClientRect().width;
    chart.attr("width", targetWidth);
    chart.attr("height", targetWidth / aspect);
  });

并且 svg 内容将自动缩放.您可以在此处看到一个工作示例(经过一些修改):只需调整窗口大小或右下窗格查看它的反应.

And the svg contents will be scaled automatically. You can see a working example of this (with some modifications) here: just resize the window or the bottom right pane to see how it reacts.

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