NixOS、Haskell、opengl:构建和运行 openGL 程序的问题 [英] NixOS, Haskell, opengl : problems with building and running openGL programs

问题描述

我在 NixOS 上遇到 GL 问题:这个问题似乎很老了，但在 2017 年仍然没有直接的解决方案！

I'm experiencing a problem with GL on NixOS: the problem seems to be old, but there is still no straightforward solution yet in 2017!

我正在尝试使用 Gloss 库构建 Haskell 程序.我已经使用 nix-shell -p mesa 安装了 gloss 和它需要的一切，它似乎已经正确构建和安装(使用 cabal install).但是，如果我在同一个 nix-shell 中构建程序，则它不起作用:

I'm trying to build a Haskell program using the Gloss library. I have installed gloss and everything it needs using the nix-shell -p mesa and it seems to be properly build and istalled (using cabal install). However if I build the program in the same nix-shell it doesn't work:

$ nix-shell -p mesa_glu

[nix-shell:]$ ghc --make -O2 SnakePar.hs
Linking SnakePar ...

[nix-shell:]$ ./SnakePar 
SnakePar: user error (unknown GLUT entry glutInit)

在 nix-shell 之外工作时，链接阶段失败:

While working outside of a nix-shell the linking stage failes:

$ ghc --make -O2 SnakePar.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main             ( SnakePar.hs, SnakePar.o )
Linking SnakePar ...
/nix/store/<hash>-binutils-2.27/bin/ld: cannot find -lGLU
/nix/store/<hash>-binutils-2.27/bin/ld: cannot find -lGL
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
`cc' failed in phase `Linker'. (Exit code: 1)

即使我已经通过 nix-env -iA 手动安装了 glu 库，也会发生这种情况.

This happens even though I have manually installed the glu library via nix-env -iA.

$ nix-env -q
cabal-install-1.24.0.0
ghc-8.0.1
glu-9.0.0

我曾尝试以相同的方式使用 freeglut 或 mesa，但这些(甚至全部)都不起作用.

I have tried using freeglut or mesa in the same manner, but none of these (or even all together) didn't work.

我错过了什么?

这个问题是相关的，但没有帮助:nixos + haskell + opengl(先决条件)

This question is relevant but it doesn't help: nixos + haskell + opengl (prerequisites)

解决方案:切换到堆栈后一切正常.

Solution: After switching to stack everything works.

推荐答案

我刚刚解决了这个问题，三天后，好吧，作为另一个不开心的 Arch 用户直到上周: 尝试将 freeglut 添加到 nix-shell 环境中，即使用 nix-shell -p mesa freeglut.

I just fixed this, after three days of, well, being another not-happy Arch-user-until-last-week: try adding freeglut to the nix-shell environment, i.e. use nix-shell -p mesa freeglut.

对于 stack 用户偶然发现这个答案，将其添加到 ~/.stack/stack.yaml:

For stack users stumbling upon this answer, add this to ~/.stack/stack.yaml:

nix:
  enable: true
  packages: [mesa freeglut]

nix-shell 解决方案在这种情况下不起作用——我猜测的问题是 Stack 总是在纯环境中工作，即使从 nix-shell.我确实在 stack.yaml 的 nix 部分尝试了 pure: false ，但是没有用.暂时是这样.

The nix-shell solution doesn't work in this case -- the problem, as I'm guessing, is that Stack always works inside a pure environment even if run from inside a nix-shell. I did try pure: false in the nix section of stack.yaml, but that didn't work. This does, for now.

• mesa 需要为 OpenGLRaw 和其他库提供 C 头文件(我相信这就是链接失败的原因).
• freeglut 提供运行时所需的 GLUT 绑定(否则您将收到未知的 GLUT 条目"错误).

• mesa is required to provide the C headers for OpenGLRaw and other libraries (and this is why linking fails in your case, I believe).
• freeglut provides the GLUT bindings (you'll get the "unknown GLUT entry" error otherwise) required at runtime.

您可能需要将那里的 mesa 更改为其他内容，例如 mesa_glu.

You may need to change the mesa there to something else, like mesa_glu.

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