运行 python 包 [英] Running a python package

问题描述

在 OSX 上运行 Python 2.6.1，将部署到 CentOS.想要从这样的命令行调用一个包:

Running Python 2.6.1 on OSX, will deploy to CentOS. Would like to have a package to be invoked from a command line like this:

python [-m] tst

为此，这是制作的目录结构:

For that, here is the directory structure made:

$PYTHONPATH/
    tst/
        __init__.py     # empty
        __main__.py     # below
        dep.py          # below

文件中的内容如下:

$ cat tst/__main__.py
from .dep import DepClass

print "Hello there"

$ cat tst/dep.py
class DepClass(object):
    pass

$

但是，python 给了我冲突的诊断:

However, python gives me conflicting diagnostic:

$ python -m tst
/usr/bin/python: tst is a package and cannot be directly executed

好的，所以它被识别为一个包.所以我应该能够将它作为脚本运行?它有 __main__...

OK, so it is recognized as a package. So I should be able to run it as a script? It has __main__...

$ python tst
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/runpy.py", line 121, in _run_module_as_main
    "__main__", fname, loader, pkg_name)
  File "/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.6/lib/python2.6/runpy.py", line 34, in _run_code
    exec code in run_globals
  File "/Users/vdidenko/Code/emi/tst/__main__.py", line 1, in <module>
    from .dep import DepClass
ValueError: Attempted relative import in non-package

此时我迷路了.为什么非包?那么如何构建代码?

At this point I am lost. Why non-package? And how to structure the code then?

推荐答案

使用命令行 -m 选项时运行包的 __main__ 模块的功能是在 Python 2.7 中引入.对于 2.6，您需要指定要运行的包模块名称；-m test.__main__ 应该可以工作.请参阅此处的文档.

The feature to run the __main__ module of a package when using the command line -m option was introduced in Python 2.7. For 2.6 you need to specify the package module name to run; -m test.__main__ should work. See the documentation here.

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