通过 Gmail & 发送电子邮件Python [英] Sending email via Gmail & Python

问题描述

推荐使用 Gmail 和 Python 发送电子邮件的方式是什么?

有很多 SO 线程，但大多数都是旧的，还有带有用户名 & 的 SMTP.密码不再有效，或者用户必须降级 Gmail 的安全性(例如，请参阅(向导链接此处，更多信息此处)

第 2 步:安装 Google 客户端库

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client

第 3 步: 使用以下脚本发送电子邮件(只需更改 main 函数中的变量)

导入httplib2导入操作系统导入 oauth2client从 oauth2client 导入客户端、工具、文件导入 base64从 email.mime.multipart 导入 MIMEMultipart从 email.mime.text 导入 MIMEText从 apiclient 导入错误，发现导入 mimetypes从 email.mime.image 导入 MIMEImage从 email.mime.audio 导入 MIMEAudio从 email.mime.base 导入 MIMEBase范围 = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_secret.json'APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python 发送电子邮件'def get_credentials():home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')如果不是 os.path.exists(credential_dir):os.makedirs(credential_dir)credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir,'gmail-python-email-send.json')store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)凭证 = store.get()如果不是凭据或凭据.无效:流 = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME凭证 = tools.run_flow(flow, store)print('将凭据存储到' + credential_path)返回凭据def SendMessage(发件人，收件人，主题，msgHtml，msgPlain，附件文件=无):凭证 = get_credentials()http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)如果附件文件:message1 = createMessageWithAttachment(发件人，收件人，主题，msgHtml，msgPlain，附件文件)别的:message1 = CreateMessageHtml(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)结果 = SendMessageInternal(service, me", message1)返回结果def SendMessageInternal(service, user_id, message):尝试:消息 = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute())打印('消息 ID:%s' % 消息 ['id'])回信除了 errors.HttpError 作为错误:print('发生错误:%s' % 错误)返回错误"返回OK"def CreateMessageHtml(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain):msg = MIMEMultipart('替代')msg['主题'] = 主题msg['From'] = 发件人msg['到'] = 到msg.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))msg.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))返回 {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(msg.as_bytes())}def createMessageWithAttachment(发件人、收件人、主题、msgHtml、msgPlain、附件文件):"为电子邮件创建消息.参数:发件人:发件人的电子邮件地址.to:收件人的电子邮件地址.主题:电子邮件的主题.msgHtml: 要发送的 Html 消息msgPlain:旧电子邮件客户端的替代纯文本消息attachmentFile:要附加的文件的路径.返回:一个包含 base64url 编码的电子邮件对象的对象."message = MIMEMultipart('混合')消息['至'] = 至消息['来自'] = 发件人消息['主题'] = 主题messageA = MIMEMultipart('alternative')messageR = MIMEMultipart('相关')messageR.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))messageA.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))messageA.attach(messageR)消息.附加(消息A)打印(create_message_with_attachment:文件:%s"%attachmentFile)content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile)如果 content_type 为 None 或 encoding 不是 None:content_type = '应用程序/八位字节流'main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1)如果 main_type == 'text':fp = 打开(附件文件，'rb')msg = MIMEText(fp.read(),_subtype=sub_type)fp.close()elif main_type == '图像':fp = 打开(附件文件，'rb')msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(),_subtype=sub_type)fp.close()elif main_type == '音频':fp = 打开(附件文件，'rb')msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(),_subtype=sub_type)fp.close()别的:fp = 打开(附件文件，'rb')msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)msg.set_payload(fp.read())fp.close()文件名 = os.path.basename(attachmentFile)msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)消息.附加(味精)返回 {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}定义主():to = "[e-mail]";发件人 = "[e-mail]";主题=主题"msgHtml = 嗨
Html 电子邮件"msgPlain = "Hi
Plain Email";SendMessage(发件人，收件人，主题，msgHtml，msgPlain)# 发送带附件的消息:SendMessage(发件人, 收件人, 主题, msgHtml, msgPlain, '/path/to/file.pdf')如果 __name__ == '__main__':主要的()

在没有浏览器的情况下在 linux 上运行此代码的提示:
如果您的 linux 环境没有浏览器来完成首次授权过程，您可以在您的笔记本电脑(mac 或 windows)上运行一次代码，然后将凭据复制到目标 linux 机器.凭据通常存储在以下目的地:

~/.credentials/gmail-python-email-send.json

What is the recommended way of sending emails with Gmail and Python?

There are a lot of SO threads, but most are old and also SMTP with username & password is not working any more or the user has to downgrade the security of their Gmail (for example see here).

Is OAuth the recommended way?

解决方案

The answer shows how to send email with gmail API and python. Also updated the answer to send emails with attachment.

Gmail API & OAuth -> no need to save the username and password in the script.

The first time the script opens a browser to authorize the script and will store credentials locally (it will not store username and password). Consequent runs won't need the browser and can send emails straight.

With this method you will not get errors like SMTPException below and there is no need to allow Access for less secure apps:

raise SMTPException("SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.")  
smtplib.SMTPException: SMTP AUTH extension not supported by server.

Here are the steps to send email using gmail API:

(Wizard link here, More info here)

Step 2: Install the Google Client Library

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client

Step 3: Use the following script to send email(just change the variables in main function)

import httplib2
import os
import oauth2client
from oauth2client import client, tools, file
import base64
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from apiclient import errors, discovery
import mimetypes
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.audio import MIMEAudio
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase

SCOPES = 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/gmail.send'
CLIENT_SECRET_FILE = 'client_secret.json'
APPLICATION_NAME = 'Gmail API Python Send Email'

def get_credentials():
    home_dir = os.path.expanduser('~')
    credential_dir = os.path.join(home_dir, '.credentials')
    if not os.path.exists(credential_dir):
        os.makedirs(credential_dir)
    credential_path = os.path.join(credential_dir,
                                   'gmail-python-email-send.json')
    store = oauth2client.file.Storage(credential_path)
    credentials = store.get()
    if not credentials or credentials.invalid:
        flow = client.flow_from_clientsecrets(CLIENT_SECRET_FILE, SCOPES)
        flow.user_agent = APPLICATION_NAME
        credentials = tools.run_flow(flow, store)
        print('Storing credentials to ' + credential_path)
    return credentials

def SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile=None):
    credentials = get_credentials()
    http = credentials.authorize(httplib2.Http())
    service = discovery.build('gmail', 'v1', http=http)
    if attachmentFile:
        message1 = createMessageWithAttachment(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile)
    else: 
        message1 = CreateMessageHtml(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)
    result = SendMessageInternal(service, "me", message1)
    return result

def SendMessageInternal(service, user_id, message):
    try:
        message = (service.users().messages().send(userId=user_id, body=message).execute())
        print('Message Id: %s' % message['id'])
        return message
    except errors.HttpError as error:
        print('An error occurred: %s' % error)
        return "Error"
    return "OK"

def CreateMessageHtml(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain):
    msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
    msg['Subject'] = subject
    msg['From'] = sender
    msg['To'] = to
    msg.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
    msg.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
    return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(msg.as_bytes())}

def createMessageWithAttachment(
    sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, attachmentFile):
    """Create a message for an email.

    Args:
      sender: Email address of the sender.
      to: Email address of the receiver.
      subject: The subject of the email message.
      msgHtml: Html message to be sent
      msgPlain: Alternative plain text message for older email clients          
      attachmentFile: The path to the file to be attached.

    Returns:
      An object containing a base64url encoded email object.
    """
    message = MIMEMultipart('mixed')
    message['to'] = to
    message['from'] = sender
    message['subject'] = subject

    messageA = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
    messageR = MIMEMultipart('related')

    messageR.attach(MIMEText(msgHtml, 'html'))
    messageA.attach(MIMEText(msgPlain, 'plain'))
    messageA.attach(messageR)

    message.attach(messageA)

    print("create_message_with_attachment: file: %s" % attachmentFile)
    content_type, encoding = mimetypes.guess_type(attachmentFile)

    if content_type is None or encoding is not None:
        content_type = 'application/octet-stream'
    main_type, sub_type = content_type.split('/', 1)
    if main_type == 'text':
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
        fp.close()
    elif main_type == 'image':
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEImage(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
        fp.close()
    elif main_type == 'audio':
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEAudio(fp.read(), _subtype=sub_type)
        fp.close()
    else:
        fp = open(attachmentFile, 'rb')
        msg = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type)
        msg.set_payload(fp.read())
        fp.close()
    filename = os.path.basename(attachmentFile)
    msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=filename)
    message.attach(msg)

    return {'raw': base64.urlsafe_b64encode(message.as_string())}


def main():
    to = "[e-mail]"
    sender = "[e-mail]"
    subject = "subject"
    msgHtml = "Hi<br/>Html Email"
    msgPlain = "Hi
Plain Email"
    SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain)
    # Send message with attachment: 
    SendMessage(sender, to, subject, msgHtml, msgPlain, '/path/to/file.pdf')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Tip for running this code on linux, with no browser:
If your linux environment has no browser to complete the first time authorization process, you can run the code once on your laptop (mac or windows) and then copy the credentials to the destination linux machine. Credentials are normally stored in the following destination:

~/.credentials/gmail-python-email-send.json

这篇关于通过 Gmail & 发送电子邮件Python的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！